Aspects of Global Magnetospheric Processes

Magnetospheric global modeling is a method to link observations from distant regions via physical laws and has long played a unique and crucial role in space physics. It, different from computer simulations, represents the highest level of abstraction of the physical understanding of the processes that cause observed phenomena. It results in various specific models. While it appears in the form of cartoons, it is based on and has to be qualitatively consistent with physical laws. With the advancement of computer simulations, clues to the connection between physical laws and observation can be perceived much more easily than as ever before. However, computer simulation results are highly dependent on the used boundary conditions and numerical methods which may or may not represent the reality, even if the initial conditions are properly set. Therefore, simulations can easily mislead the investigations. Furthermore, a simulation result needs to be examined using diagnostic tools, such as field line tracing and streamline tracing programs. There are uncertainties in these diagnostic methods. The errors can be very large in certain areas under certain conditions. For example, a small error may link two different field lines or stream lines. The interpretations of the simulation results can be misled by these errors. The knowledge of global modeling can be useful in identifying the inconsistencies in the simulations and the flaws in the theoretical interpretation from the simulations. This review-tutorial article outlines the principles of the global modeling and discusses the successes and flaws of several global models.     

Regional 4-D modeling of the ionospheric electron density from satellite data and IRI

Accurate knowledge of the electron density is the key point in correcting ionospheric delays of electromagnetic measurements and in studying ionosphere physics. During the last decade Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become a promising tool for monitoring ionospheric parameters such as the total electron content (TEC). In this contribution we present a four-dimensional (4-D) model of the electron density consisting of a given reference part, i.e., the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), and an unknown correction term expanded in terms of multi-dimensional base functions. The corresponding series coefficients are calculable from the satellite measurements by applying parameter estimation procedures. Since satellite data are usually sampled between GPS satellites and ground stations, finer structures of the electron density are modelable just in regions with a sufficient number of ground stations. The proposed method is applied to simulated geometry-free GPS phase measurements. The procedure can be used, for example, to study the equatorial anomaly.     

Using PoF models to predict system reliability considering failure collaboration

Existing Physics-of-Failure-based (PoF-based) system reliability prediction methods are grounded on the independence assumption, which overlooks the dependency among the compo-nents. In this paper, a new type of dependency, referred to as failure collaboration, is introduced and considered in reliability predictions. A PoF-based model is developed to describe the failure behavior of systems subject to failure collaboration. Based on the developed model, the Bisection-based Reliability Analysis Method (BRAM) is exploited to calculate the system reliabil-ity. The developed methods are applied to predicting the reliability of a Hydraulic Servo Actuator (HSA). The results demonstrate that the developed methods outperform the traditional PoF-based reliability prediction methods when applied to systems subject to failure collaboration.     

敏捷性导弹的双网络逆动态模糊神经网络控制

新疆敏捷性导弹为了获得更高的机动性、敏捷性和好的导引精度，许多采用推力矢量控制方案，本文讨论了一类带推力矢量控制导弹的数学建模，在此基础上提出了一种适用于此类新型导弹的模糊神经网络控制方案，采用双网络逆动态学控制结构，数字仿真表明所提出的控制方案对于系统内参数不确定性和非线性变化具有强的适应性。     

一种共轴式直升机操纵机构的运动学建模与分析

 共轴式直升机操纵机构的输入/输出运动学关系复杂、非线性严重,不同通道间控制耦合大,其中航向采用全差动的操纵机构最为复杂。为了分析用比例关系简化建模所引起的误差及利用逆运动学进行操纵系统线性化,必须对操纵机构运动学进行精确建模。针对一种航向全差动操纵机构,首先,运用机构学原理,通过去除过约束、局部自由度对机构进行简化,计算得到操纵机构自由度;然后,将操纵机构分为3个子模块,通过对每个模块应用空间机构位置分析方法进行正向、逆向运动学推导,建立系统完整的运动学模型;利用光学测量原理设计了测试系统,并通过实验验证了所建模型的正确性;最后给出了所建模型在共轴式直升机建模、操纵解耦及线性化方面的应用方法。     

漂浮基空间机器人捕获卫星过程动力学模拟及捕获后混合体运动的RBF神经网络控制

 讨论了漂浮基空间机器人在轨捕获目标卫星过程的碰撞动力学建模,以及捕获操作结束后空间机器人与卫星混合体的稳定控制问题。首先采用多刚体动力学建模方法并结合空间机器人捕获目标卫星过程中的碰撞动力学特性,建立了漂浮基空间机器人在轨捕获漂浮卫星过程的动力学模型,并在此基础上计算出完成捕获操作后空间机器人与目标卫星混合体关节的运动速度。然后针对卫星及空间机器人系统惯性参数均是未知的复杂情况,应用上述模型、神经网络控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了空间机器人与卫星混合体在捕获过程碰撞冲击影响下稳定运动的高斯径向基函数神经网络控制方案,以达到对捕获卫星的有效控制。此外,高斯径向基函数神经网络控制方案具有不需要测量和反馈载体位置、移动速度与加速度的显著优点。系统数值仿真证实了上述控制方案的有效性。     

基于XML语言和代理模型的翼型通用气动数据库技术

建立翼型气动数据库对翼型的选择和设计具有重要的意义。本文基于一种建立翼型通用气动数据库的思想,介绍该数据库的基本框架和基本功能;该数据库采用一种基于可扩展标记语言的通用数据格式进行存储,包含翼型几何特性数据、不同流动状态下力系数、物面压力分布等各种气动数据,并且还可提供灵活多样的数据处理功能;采用代理模型和变可信度模型技术,实现气动数据快速检索和插值功能。通过DU93-W-210翼型算例初步表明如何实现气动数据生成和快速插值,从而初步展示了所提出翼型气动数据库技术的可行性。     

数据融合技术在空气动力学研究中的应用

气动力数据通常通过风洞试验、数值计算和飞行试验三种途径获得,三者各有优缺点,为了得到更加完善准确的气动数据,可采用数据融合技术对不同来源的数据进行深加工和利用。针对数据融合技术在空气动力学中的应用进行讨论和探索,首先介绍了数据融合技术在空气动力学中的应用背景、发展现状及数据融合的基本思想,此后综合提出了建立气动数据融合准则的基本思路和两种具有应用价值的融合算法:基于不确定度的数据融合方法和基于气动力建模的数据融合方法,并给出了部分研究应用结果。最后,文章对气动数据融合技术在气动领域的应用前景进行了展望。研究发现,采用数据融合技术后,可以进一步提高气动数据的完整性和准确性,但由于气动数据融合工作不仅需要进行算法研究,同时还需要工作人员的大量经验,融合结果包含较多的人为因素,因此具体采用何种融合方法要根据具体情况而定。     

γ-Re_θ转捩模型在高超声速下的应用及分析

为了初步研究γ-Reθ转捩模型在高超声速领域的适用性,在自行开发的CFD程序中添加了该模型,利用T3系列平板算例对该模型的实现进行了验证;针对高超声速流动,选取压缩面绕流和双圆锥扰流等算例,分别利用该转捩模型、全层流模拟、以及传统的湍流模型进行了数值模拟计算,并与实验结果进行对比。计算结果表明,尽管该转捩模型是在低速流动的基础上发展的,它仍能准确预测高超声速流动下的转捩现象。     

基于空域灵活使用的区域航路航线运行管理

利用临时航线和固定航线等手段,建立了区域管制下以最小运行成本为目标的规划模型,在模型中引入了不同机型单位时间的运营成本和临时航线的运营成本来计算总运行成本,并以此为适应度函数,通过遗传算法实现对航班选择飞行航路航线优化,以降低运行成本。计算结果表明:利用模型管理机制进行优化后,经过指定区域的所有航班运行成本与航班在区域外等待成本之和比之前降低约10%。