落锤式弯沉仪

介绍了一种目前国际上广泛采用的测量公路强度的设备,对其工作原理及各组成部分作了详细描述。这是一种模拟行车轮载,采用动态力方法评价公路强度的先进设备,其基本原理是:由自由落体的重锤产生一作用于路面的脉冲力;测量路面感受力后产生的向下弯沉值;通过脉冲力与路面弯沉的关系,评价路面的强度。     

Perpendicular transport of charged particles: Results for the unified nonlinear transport theory derived from the Newton–Lorentz equation

The perpendicular diffusion coefficient is calculated by combining a recently developed Unified Nonlinear Transport (UNLT) theory with the Newton–Lorentz equation. The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution. It is shown that the total mean free path depends strongly on the energy range of the turbulence power spectrum and on particle energy. Further, a slab/2D composite model is used to investigate the influence of each contribution to the total mean free path for a quasi-3D turbulence model. For pure 2D turbulence the UNLT reduces to the NLGC-theory. For pure slab turbulence the guiding center contribution is subdiffusive in accordance with simulations and the theorem on reduced dimensionality. Conversely, the microscopic contribution is non-zero, which has to be interpreted as normal diffusion.     

光纤功率计非线性因子测量的优化设计研究

对光纤功率计非线性因子测量系统进行了优化设计。在理论分析和实验验证的基础上,优化了光路系统,抑制了光的干涉效应对光功率稳定性的影响,进行了实验验证;由光衰减器代替快门进行光的通断控制,扩展了测量范围,可以实现通用光纤功率计非线性因子的全量程测量。     

SST二方程湍流模型在高超声速绕流中的可压缩修正

为模拟高速可压缩湍流问题,对剪应力输运（SST）湍流模型进行了可压缩修正。数值格式采用改进的总变差减小（TVD）格式,并对湍流模型的负值强制项进行了隠式处理。在此基础上计算了绕平板以及基本无分离和具有分离流动结构的压缩拐角的高超声速流动。计算结果和实验数据及半经验公式的对比表明：SST湍流模型的可压缩影响项为密度加权脉动速度的平均与压力梯度的标量乘积。经可压缩修正后的SST湍流模型与原模型及其它可压缩修正模型相比,所计算的壁面压力、摩擦阻力和壁面热流分布具有更高的精度。     

铍仪表零件精加工后微细毛刺去除方法探析

航天产品对零件毛刺的去除要求极高.零件在精加工过程中会产生微细毛刺和材料堆积现象.这种现象对零件的尺寸检测、装配生产等都会产生不良影响.铍材作为惯性仪表零件的重要材料,其材料特性给去除毛刺带来了新的困难.我们经过大量的实验和摸索,找到了几种有效的铍仪表零件毛刺去除方法.同时在工艺文件中对具体零件的具体去毛刺方法及操作时...     

Comparison of the magnetic field before the subsolar magnetopause with the magnetic field in the solar wind before the bow shock

Crossings of the magnetopause near the subsolar point are analyzed using data of THEMIS mission. Variations of the magnetic field near magnetopause measured by one of THEMIS satellites are studied and compared with simultaneous measurements in the solar wind by another THEMIS satellite. The time delay of the solar wind arrival at the subsolar point of the magnetopause is taken into account. 30 and 90 s averaging of the magnetic field in the magnetosheath is produced. The results of averaging are compared with the results of measurements in the solar wind before the bow shock and foreshock. It is shown, that _Bx$B_x$ component of the magnetic field near magnetopause is near to zero, which supports the possibility to consider the magnetopause as the tangential discontinuity. Comparatively good correlation of _By$B_y$ component in the solar wind and near the magnetopause is observed. The correlation of _Bz$B_z$ component near the magnetopause and IMF is practically absent, the sign of the _Bz$B_z$ near the subsolar point does not coincide with the sign of IMF _Bz$B_z$ in ∼$\sim$30% cases.     

固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素研究

为了获得以飞行马赫数5.5巡航工作的固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素,开展了地面直连实验和数值模拟研究。利用数值手段研究了固体燃气喷注方式、扰流装置的形式以及燃烧室扩张比等因素对燃烧室性能的影响规律,获得了高燃烧效率(≥90%)的垂直喷注式发动机燃烧室构型。研究表明：1)垂直喷注方式能增强富燃燃气与空气的掺混效果,颗粒相的燃烧效率较中心支板式双火箭燃烧室构型提高了25%;2)对比不同级数的扰流装置对发动机性能影响,同时考虑扰流装置热防护问题和发动机结构复杂程度,双级扰流装置的扰流形式增强效果较优,颗粒相的燃烧效率较单级扰流装置的燃烧室构型方案提高了26%;3)对比不同燃烧室扩张比对发动机性能影响,扩张比1.6的燃烧室构型方案颗粒相的燃烧效率为95%。综上所述,本文优化得到了垂直喷注方式、双级扰流装置以及燃烧室扩张比为1.6的高燃烧效率的发动机燃烧室构型。     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

小管径超声波流量计去噪方法

超声波流量计中存在各种噪声,直接影响流量测量的精度。文章首先分析了小管径超声波流量计中噪声的来源,从实时性的角度出发,提出了一种直接对测量时间差进行去噪的方法,避免了对原始超声波信号进行采样、分析带来的实时性差的问题。针对随机噪声和声学噪声引起的时间差数据中的误差,以硬阈值小波滤波作为第一级滤波、中值加均值滤波为第二级滤波进行处理。通过流量测量实验,验证了去噪方法的有效性,结果表明,去噪后流量计的瞬时测量误差小于1%。     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.