关于飞机系统模拟试验中流量计在线校准技术的探讨

在飞机系统地面模拟试验中,各类液体流量计及其流量显示仪表在液压、飞控、电源等系统试验中得到了广泛使用。从流量计连接方式、液体介质、流量显示方式三个方面分析了传统实验室的液体流量计计量方式所存在的弊端,同时,研究发现在各飞机试验系统中某些位置的液体流量计体积较大、安装复杂、不便拆卸。为解决上述问题,列举了3种在线校准液体流量计的方法,以避免流量计拆卸和安装,提高了工作效率,具有实用价值。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

流动比较法的设计与实现

光电测距仪（含全站仪）的加常数是仪器测量结果的改正项目,是仪器检定项目非常重要的一项。本文结合光电测距仪计量检定规程的要求,从加常数的测量原理、方法、不确定度分析等方面入手,提出了检测测距仪加常数的一种新方法——流动比较法,分析了流动比较法的设计与实现方法,分析了测量不确定度,通过与经典的六段法相比较,论证了流动比较法的可行性。     

轴对称降落伞小迎角稳定下降时流场特性

根据降落伞的特点,通过伞衣零厚度假设、伞轴对称假设和流场定常假设,建立轴对称降落伞的流体力学计算模型。在0°~5°的小迎角范围内,求解RNG(Renormalization Group)k-ε湍流模型下的N-S方程组,获得与有关单位试验相吻合的数值模拟结果。分析发现0°迎角时轴对称降落伞截面流场中鞍点与鞍点直接连接的状态是不稳定的。随着降落伞迎角增大,奇点类型和奇点间的连接方式将发生改变,降落伞物面附近的涡环里将出现极限环,截面流场中将出现新的鞍点和结点。迎角继续增大,极限环的面积将会减小直至消失,结点将附着在物面上,成为半结点。结果表明小迎角范围内降落伞截面流场的拓扑结构符合拓扑规律。文章揭示了小迎角范围内轴对称降落伞稳定下降时流场特性的演变规律,为进一步研究降落伞流场的流动机理和流固耦合问题打下基础。     

高空台圆转矩形空气流量管的气动设计

根据某型二元冲压发动机高空台连管试验要求,设计了一种圆转矩形空气流量管,并运用数值方法优化了流量管设计型面,确定了流量管流量测量位置,保证了圆转矩形流量管的流场品质和流量管流量测量的准确性。整个设计过程都是在CAD商用软件中进行并与数值仿真技术和数控加工技术相结合,实现了此类流量管的参数化设计,其设计方法具有通用性。     

基于多应力加速试验方法的智能电表寿命评估

如何准确地分析、评估多应力-多参数下智能电表的可靠性和寿命是当前热点.首先分析了在温度、湿度、电应力、振动和磁场等条件下智能电表的性能参数内涵,通过失效机理分析提炼了关键参数及其敏感应力,然后通过强化试验探索了关键参数应力极限条件,设计了加速寿命试验方案并实施,对试验数据进行退化轨迹建模、多应力加速模型研究,综合评估了智能电表可靠性和寿命水平.本文成果能为改善智能电表可靠性和寿命提供方法.      

高准确度的超低频交流电压表设计

分析了超低频交流电压信号的测量方法,设计了基于采样计算方式的超低频交流电压测量方案。设计了以高速高精度A/D转换器和高性能DSP处理器为核心的超低频交流电压表硬件电路,设计了基于线性插值的非同步采样同步化算法,设计了基于复合梯形求积公式的有效值算法。对所研制的超低频交流电压表进行了量值溯源与校准测试,测试结果表明所研制的超低频交流电压表测量频率下限达到了0.001Hz,测量不确定度优于0.01%。     

Numerical investigation of the influence of large turbulence scales on the parallel and perpendicular transport of cosmic rays

In recent analytical investigations it has been demonstrated that the turbulence behavior at large scales has a very strong influence on the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of charged particles. In the present paper we use computer simulations to investigate numerically cross field transport and particle propagation along the mean magnetic field for different turbulence models at large scales. Our results are compared with quasilinear theory and nonlinear diffusion theories. We show that for different forms of the turbulence spectrum at large scales, the perpendicular mean free paths obtained numerically are in agreement with recent predictions made by analytical theory. It is also shown that the parallel diffusion coefficient contains always a strong nonlinear contribution which is, however, independent of the assumed spectrum at large scales.     

逆主流射流式旋涡发生器对涡轮流动分离控制数值模拟

通过数值计算,详细研究了射流偏转角与主流夹角大于90°的逆主流小孔稳态射流(Reversed in jectionVG Js)对低雷诺数涡轮流动分离的控制。研究结果发现,逆主流射流对主流的扰动引起射流孔后边界层迅速转捩可抑制流动分离现象。射流作为"湍流发生器"从控制机理上有别于90°偏转角VG Js射流状态。高射流湍流度(10%),135°逆主流VG Js在达到与90°偏转角VG Js基本相同的流动分离控制效果时,可降低射流流量67%。     

低雷诺数下涡轮叶栅流动分离实验与数值模拟

应用实验测量和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了低雷诺数条件下高负荷涡轮叶栅吸力面的流动分离。通过对叶片表面压力系数、叶栅出口尾迹以及叶片表面气流分离位置和重新附着位置的比较发现,计算结果与实验结果吻合得相当好。应用本计算方法,对低雷诺数条件下雷诺数和来流湍流度对涡轮叶栅的流场的影响作了准确的模拟,对叶栅吸力面的气流分离、再附等做出了预测。实验研究和计算结果都表明,低雷诺数条件下叶栅损失的急剧增大是由于在低雷诺数条件下叶片吸力面发生了气流的分离,雷诺数越低或者进口湍流度越低,叶片吸力面的气流分离就越严重,由此导致的叶栅损失也就越大。