大负荷低压涡轮叶型分离转捩流动的大涡模拟

应用动力模式大涡模拟数值方法,对来流无扰动、不可压、雷诺数为5×104(基于进口速度和轴向弦长),定常来流条件下大负荷低压涡轮叶型(Pak B)叶型吸力面非定常分离转捩流动进行了三维数值模拟。在与相关实验数据的对比基础之上,对非定常流动物理信息进行了详细的分析讨论,揭示了计算来流状态下的Pak B叶型吸力面非定常分离转捩流动机理。结果表明,由无粘Kelvin-Helmholtz机制产生的、空间线性增长的初始二维不稳定性在分离剪切内诱导展向旋涡形成并脱落,脱落过程中的展向涡在非线性增长的三维不稳定性作用下发生变形并最终破碎成湍流。计算得到的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性特征频率处于相关实验测量范围内。     

涡轮泵转子的临界转速研究(Ⅴ)临界转速的有限元法

通过对轴段和盘的受力分析得出轴段和盘单元的运动方程,把支承和密封对轴的作用力按节点力处理,再由单元运动方程综合出转子系统的运动方程。求解临界转速归结为实数特征值的计算,并以计算实例验证了有限元法的正确性、有效性和准确性。     

涡轮泵转子稳定性计算

随着涡轮泵压力和转速的提高,流体密封和叶轮偏心间隙激励成为影响转子稳定性的主要因素。利用Ｃｈｉｌｄｓ Ｄ Ｗ等提出的动力系数计算方法,计算了环形密封引起的附加刚度和阻尼,采用整体传递矩阵法,对考虑流体密封和Ａｌｆｏｒｄ力引起的涡轮泵转子系统的稳定性进行了计算。结果表明,增加支承阻尼和进口反涡动,可以提高转子稳定性。     

直接供气预旋转静系流动特性的实验

用实验方法研究直接供气转静系预旋腔内的流动特性,得到了静盘表面的静压分布、预旋孔的排气系数以及盘缘出口流量的分配规律.结果表明:流量改变对静盘压力分布形状的影响较大,而转速改变的影响则较小;在几何条件不变以及预旋进气和中心进气流量相等的前提下,预旋孔排气系数主要由预旋进口流量系数决定;对于该实验模型和研究工况来说,盘缘出口流量系数比在0.7以上.      

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

基于支持向量机的航空发动机转静碰摩部位诊断规则提取

引入基于支持向量机(SVM)的数据挖掘技术,提出了基于SVM的转静碰摩部位诊断知识获取.首先,基于带机匣的航空发动机转子实验器,模拟了4个碰摩部位的碰摩实验,利用机匣4个部位的应变测试,获取了4个碰摩部位和4个测点的大量实验数据;然后提出了一种基于支持向量聚类(SVC)的诊断知识规则提取方法.在该方法中,利用SVC算法得到特征选取后样本的聚类分配矩阵,最后根据聚类分配矩阵构建超矩形规则.为使规则更加简洁,易于解释,采用规则合并、维数约简、区间延伸等方法对超矩形规则进行进一步简化.利用基于SVM的数据挖掘方法,从大量的碰摩部位实验数据中提取出了转静碰摩部位诊断的知识规则,并进行了相应解释和验证,规则识别率达到了99%以上,表明了该方法的正确有效性.      

A physics-based framework for online surface roughness assessment for high-pressure turbines

Surface roughness is a critical health parameter of a turbine blade due to its implications on blade surface heat transfer and structural integrity. This paper proposes a physics-based online framework for Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), in order to assess the blade surface roughness in a high-pressure turbine without engine shutdown. The framework consolidates Gas Path Analysis (GPA) based performance monitoring models and meanline turbomachinery analysis, using a novel GPA-meanline matching process. This extracts meaningful performance deviation trends from GPA, while addressing the uncertainties associated with the measurements and modelling. To relate efficiency loss to surface roughness severity, a meanline-based system-identification process has been developed to establish the meanline representation of the turbine stage, and to incorporate the empirical surface roughness loss correlations. The roughness loss correlations have been evaluated against recent transonic test data in the literature. A modification to the compressibility correction factor has been made according to the evaluation outcome, which improved loss predictions compared to the experimental measurements. The framework was tested on the three-year operational data of a cogeneration GTE, and the results verified the framework's potential for online surface roughness monitoring. The predicted surface roughness showed agreement in both trend and the magnitude-level with the measurements reported in the literature.     

涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱通道流动换热计算

为了深入研究涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域流动的工程计算方法,用开发的基于流体网络计算的一维工程算法,对工作叶片尾缘扰流柱通道进行了计算,并与实验结果进行了对比。计算结果表明:工程计算得出的弦向出流量分布、压力分布从规律和数值上与实验结果都吻合较好,工程算法能够比较准确地计算出扰流柱通道的流动;扰流柱区的气体流动方向基本为弦向,但也存在着一定的径向流动,所以有必要在流体网络计算中设置表示径向流动的流路。     

转静干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

在不同气动工况、不同几何模型下,采用自行开发程序对全环多排的高压压气机进行了流固耦合数值模拟,分析了进口导流叶片(IGV,以下简称导叶)对转子叶片颤振稳定性的影响。通过对气动弹性标准算例4的数值模拟验证了程序在颤振领域的有效性。针对导叶-转子模型和单转子模型,考察了近堵塞点、近设计点和近失速点3个工况下,节径变化对叶片颤振稳定性的影响,给出了气动弹性最不稳定状态对应的叶片振动形式。通过对比发现,导叶作用随工况而异,近堵塞点导叶使得转子1阶弯曲模态气动阻尼提高130.63%。研究表明:导叶引起的非定常压力波反射增强了转子叶片的非定常压力扰动幅值,使得弯曲振型的颤振稳定性增强。基于单转子模型的颤振分析给出了不准确的气动阻尼值。      

Identification of crystal orientation for turbine blades with anisotropy materials

A novel approach to identify the crystal orientation of turbine blades with anisotropy materials is proposed. Based on enhanced mode basis, with the main advantages of its efficiency, accuracy and general applicability, the blade vibration mode of each order is linearly constructed by several specified mode shapes, which are obtained from the considered turbine blade with specified crystal orientations correspondingly. Then, a surrogate model based on Kriging method is introduced for constructing the condensed perturbed matrix of stiffness in order to improve the efficiency even further. The constructed surrogate model allows to perform the modal analysis of turbine blades with arbitrary crystal orientations in higher efficiency, due to the fact that the elements of condensed perturbed matrix of stiffness are considered in construction of the surrogate model rather than concerning the perturbation of all the elements of the initial stiffness matrix for the blade. Genetic algorithm is finally employed to optimize the defined fitness functions in order to identify the crystal orientation angles of turbine blades. Several corresponding examples demonstrated the accuracy, efficiency and general applicability of the proposed method.