数据采集系统在航空发动机地面试车上的应用

介绍数据采集系统的发展过程、VXI技术以及数据采集系统在航空发动机地面试车上的应用,航空发动机试车过程中需要记录的各种参数,试车台使用的数采系统的各种功能。     

基于GasTurb/MATLAB的航空发动机部件级模型研究

基于航空发动机总体性能分析软件GasTurb及其源代码,利用动态链接库技术实现在控制系统开发平台MATLAB下直接调用GasTurb部件级动态模型,并在Simulink下建立了包含涡喷、涡扇、涡轴、涡桨在内的22种发动机类型的部件级模型库,实现了两者之间的无缝衔接.应用实例与仿真结果验证了所建模型的有效性与高度可定制性.消除了从总体性能分析阶段过渡到控制系统开发阶段存在的交互障碍,为发动机控制和故障诊断研究提供了一种灵活的仿真平台.      

凹面腔内二维激波会聚特性研究

为了研究凹面腔内二维激波会聚的特性,设计、建立了二维激波会聚冷态实验系统,进行了二维激波会聚冷态实验,结果表明:当射流入口宽度增大时,相同射流入射压力下,喷入凹面腔内的射流强度增大,导致凹面腔内的激波会聚强度增强,从而压力脉动幅值增大,频率也随之增大.数值模拟了二维冷态激波会聚过程,从模拟结果中的压力和频率上看,模拟结果与实验结果基本上是吻合的.     

水滴撞击特性的粒子统计法研究

基于水滴撞击特性研究的拉格朗日方法,提出了适合于考察非定常情况的粒子统计法.通过统计非定常流场中不同时刻撞击在防冰表面上不同区域的粒子数,获得防冰表面上粒子浓度分布随时间的变化情况,与基于染色法水滴撞击试验获得的色度分布具有直接对应关系;采用基于染色法的动态图像测量方法对某型发动机帽罩缩比模型开展了水滴撞击特性试验,对所提粒子统计法进行了验证.基于拉格朗日方法的粒子统计法获得的计算结果与试验结果符合较好,与采用拉格朗日轨迹法获得的结果具有较好的一致性.粒子统计法所模拟的物理过程与试验过程一致,在处理湍流随机性和来流液态水含量分布不均等方面具有优势.     

涡轮发动机可调收扩喷管主要性能影响因素

采用数学方法对影响收扩喷管流量系数和推力系数的因素进行了定量分析,将特定结构参数的收扩喷管流量系数转化为喷管喉道直径D8的函数,将推力系数转换为喷管喉道面积A8和喷管面积比Ar的函数,并通过数值模拟对流量系数和推力系数函数的准确性进行了校验。研究结果表明:这2个函数可以较好地反映流量系数和推力系数的变化趋势,通过对其求解可以快速得到收扩喷管在某一状态的性能参数。利用公式得到可调收扩喷管推力系数最大点出现在略欠膨胀的工作状态。     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机引射模态的起爆实验研究

为实现脉冲爆震火箭发动机(PDRE)引射模态下主爆震室的起爆,采用航空煤油和氧气作为推进剂,设计了PDRE引射模态的模型机,采用压电传感器测量主爆震室中爆震波的压力和速度.在主爆震室中成功实现了5 ～8Hz稳定连续的爆震,爆震波的峰值压力能够达到3MPa,爆震波以1600～ 2000m/s左右的速度在主爆震室中传播.实验结果表明:PDRE引射模态下主爆震室的DDT距离,远低于常规高能电喷起爆下的两相PDRE的DDT距离;高频PDRE引射模态下主爆震室的起爆难度加大;加长主爆震室、末端增加收敛段可以提高引射模态的爆震性能.     

航空发动机失稳特征信号甄别

针对航空发动机失稳时的重要表征——喘振信号开展检测、判别和处理方法的研究。通过失稳信号处理器实时获取压气机压力脉动数据,采用时域诊断分析方法完成对失稳信号的在线检测和预警。经压缩部件台架试验验证,失稳信号处理器能成功分离出喘振状态下的失稳信号特征,实现对失稳信号较为准确的捕获,采用的失稳判定方法有效。研究结果表明:失稳特征信号的实时、准确甄别,是发动机失稳主动控制的先决条件,提高失稳特征信号判别的正确率,可有效避免发动机失稳过程中信号的误判、漏判。     

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

涡轴发动机高空台模拟偏差影响的性能修正方法

针对涡轴发动机高空台试验因模拟偏差带来的性能差异问题,通过某涡轴发动机数值仿真计算和试验研究,提出了用相似换算和小偏差分析相结合的试验性能修正方法.研究结果表明:发动机输出功率和耗油率的差异从只采用相似换算时的3.0%左右下降到1.0%左右,模拟偏差对性能的影响采用此修正方法是合理可行的.      

An extrapolation approach for aeroengine’s transient control law design

Transient control law ensures that the aeroengine transits to the command operating state rapidly and reliably. Most of the existing approaches for transient control law design have complicated principle and arithmetic. As a result, those approaches are not convenient for application. This paper proposes an extrapolation approach based on the set-point parameters to construct the transient control law, which has a good practicability. In this approach, the transient main fuel control law for acceleration and deceleration process is designed based on the main fuel flow on steady operating state. In order to analyze the designing feature of the extrapolation approach, the simulation results of several different transient control laws designed by the same approach are compared together. The analysis indicates that the aeroengine has a good performance in the transient process and the designing feature of the extrapolation approach conforms to the elements of the turbofan aeroengine.