狭缝斜肋内冷通道流动和换热特性的数值研究

为了探究狭缝斜肋的流动和换热特性,进一步挖掘传统斜肋的性能,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了五种不同位置和倾斜角度的狭缝对45°斜肋流动和换热特性的影响,计算的进口雷诺数为2×104～8×104,并与传统的实心肋进行了对比分析。结果表明,狭缝的存在显著改变了冷却通道的流动结构以及换热分布,降低了冷却通道的阻力损失,减小了通道整体的强化换热系数,但同时增加了肋片表面的强化换热系数,且狭缝的位置和倾斜角度的不同对通道性能也存在一定的影响。对比综合热效率,狭缝斜肋相比实心肋增加了约12%～15%。     

略论发动机涡轮叶片的振动疲劳

针对发动机涡轮叶片的振动及振动疲劳破坏进行了理论分析。通过理论分析和实验，说明了叶片对抗振对疲劳的能力主要取决于性质及叶片的形式、表面状态，而与静强度无关。并对改进设计和工艺，充分挖掘材料潜力，加强对叶片防护，提出了建议和设想。     

基于混沌粒子群优化算法的压气机盘低循环疲劳

压气机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命受很多随机参数的影响,具有很大的分散性,因此,对压气机盘低循环疲劳寿命进行稳健性设计具有重要的意义.在对疲劳寿命概率分析的基础上,结合RBF神经网络与混沌粒子群优化算法,利用混沌粒子群优化的动态收缩搜索区域的搜索特性,通过对随机参数进行优化进行压气机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命稳健性优化设计,使得疲劳寿命对参数的敏感度降低,概率区间减小,计算结果验证了该方法在工程应用中的可行性.     

Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.     

涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能的不确定性量化研究

基于非嵌入式多项式混沌展开方法,结合Smolyak稀疏网格技术与Sobol Indic方法构建了涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能不确定性量化分析系统。研究并量化了几何参数叶顶间隙和运行工况参数主流进口总温与气膜冷却吹风比不确定性对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶气热特性的影响。不确定性分析结果表明：在考虑叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的情况下,叶顶换热量 基本符合正态分布。 的统计均值相对于设计值增加13.56%并且其偏离设计值10%的概率高达65.68%。相比叶顶尾缘区域,叶顶前缘部分的换热量对不确定性输入更加敏感。前缘区域的叶片壁面换热量 的不确定性明显大于尾缘部分。在叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的影响下,0-80%轴向弦长区域内叶顶总压损失系数存在微小偏差,但在80%轴向弦长以后区域总压损失系数的不确定性偏差会达到约50%。敏感度分析的结果表明主流进口总温是叶片换热性能不确定性的主导变量,其对 与 不确定性的贡献分别为93.87%和98.32%。叶顶气动性能的不确定性则完全由叶顶间隙控制,其对叶顶总压损失系数不确定性的方差占比高达86.44%。与主效应相比,各变量间的二阶交互效应对叶顶气热性能的影响几乎可以忽略不计。     

带有加强肋的涡轮机匣排孔冲击连腔结构内部换热特性研究

为获得涡轮机匣内部表面换热系数分布数据,以带有加强肋的排孔冲击连腔结构为对象进行了瞬态液晶实验。研究了不同射流雷诺数（Re=5.1×10³~1.1×10⁴）、冲击间距比（2.5,5.0,7.5）及轴向间距比（4.0,9.0,14.0）对靶面努塞尔数的影响规律。实验结果表明：增大射流雷诺数对靶面平均努塞尔数的提升最显著。随着冲击间距比的增大,靶面平均努塞尔数逐渐减小,但这种换热削弱效果局限在距冲击驻点2D~3D（D为冲击孔直径）范围内,其它区域的变化很小。在靠近前后端壁的局部区域,表面努塞尔数随冲击间距比的增大而增大。轴向间距比的改变不会影响无出流孔靶面的换热情况,对于有出流孔靶面而言,轴向间距比为9.0的结构换热效果最好。Re=5.1×10³条件下,轴向间距比为9.0结构在有出流孔靶面上的平均努塞尔数相比4.0和14.0结构分别增大了5.7%和8.1%,并且随雷诺数增大,增幅越大。     

计及摩擦的有限变形碟形弹簧薄膜解

应用Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ ＳＰ的刚性截面假设，分析了单片碟形弹簧在大变形情况下计及摩擦与滑动的载荷－位移关系，并对有导杆与无导杆，计摩擦与不计摩擦等不同情况下的载荷－位移曲线作了对比分析，在此基础上对重复加载时摩擦力的损耗（滞后功）进行了计算和讨论，这对连接件的抗疲劳设计将会起有益的作用。     

X-ray study of accretion flow in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We present the results of a systematic study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) observed with XMM-Newton. The 2–12 keV X-ray spectra of NLS1s are well represented by a single power law with a photon index Γ ∼ 2. When this hard power law continuum is extrapolated into the low energy band, we found that all objects in our sample show prominent soft excess emission. This excess emission is well parameterized by the thermal emission expected from an optically thick accretion disk, and we found the following three peculiar features: (1) The derived disk temperatures are significantly higher than the expectation from a standard Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disk, if we assume a central mass of a black hole to be 10^6–8M_⊙. (2) The temperatures are distributed within narrow range (ΔkT ∼ 0.08 keV) with an average temperature of 0.18 keV in spite of the range of four orders of magnitude in luminosity (10^41–45 erg s⁻¹). (3) We found a peculiar temperature–luminosity relation, where the luminosity seems to be almost saturated in spite of the significant change in temperature, during the observations of the most luminous NLS1 PKS 0558-504. These results strongly suggest that the standard accretion disk picture is no longer appropriate in the nuclei of NLS1s. We discuss a possible origin for the soft excess component, and suggest that a slim disk may be able to explain the observational results, if the photon trapping effect is properly taken into account.     

The relevance of the Eddington limit to thick accretion disks

Thick accretion disks with narrow funnels around massive black holes are considered promising models for active galactic nuclei. These models assume a supercritical accretion rate and emit collimated beams with super-Eddington luminosities. We have made approximate calculations of the interaction between the emerging radiation and the walls for an optically thin funnel. The results are sensitive to the sound velocity and to the viscosity parameter α. They suggest that a significant particle luminosity can accompany the radiation in the super-Eddington case. By applying an Eddington type limit based on mechanical equilibrium to a suitably chosen interior surface in the disk, we find that energy transport, if radiative, can strongly limit the efficiency of these models.     

透平叶栅尾部形状及喷气对尾迹流的影响

在跨音速平面叶栅风洞中测叶栅ＢＲＩＴＥ／ＥＵＲＡＭ２１Ｎ及ＢＲＩＴＥ／ＥＵＲＡＭ２２Ｎ，进口气流马赫数为０．８；经叶栅尾部矩形开口槽进入流场尾迹区的喷气量为总流量的３％。通过实验得出结论：在叶栅尾部压力面截去一个直角缺口可以显著提高喷气效应，使尾迹流区域的面积减少一半。