大转角反弯叶栅气膜冷却实验研究

对大转折角气冷涡轮直、反弯叶栅出口流场进行了不同位置10排孔喷气及多排孔喷气等26套冷却方案测量。结果表明,无冷气喷射时反弯叶栅内损失高于直叶栅;压力面、吸力面近尾缘处喷气可降低叶栅损失;反弯叶栅前部多排孔气膜冷却的损失增加值要低于直叶栅,后部多排孔喷气则可降低叶栅损失。      

不同约束条件下跨声速涡轮叶栅伴随气动优化设计

发展了一种简化的基于无反射边界理论的伴随方程进出口边界条件确定方法,研究了考虑不同约束的叶片气动外形优化设计。研究结果表明:采用流动强耦合的简化伴随方程进出口边界条件确定方法,能够确定精度较高的伴随灵敏度,在不同类型的伴随气动优化设计中均具有较好适用性。无约束的出口质量熵优化后,出口质量熵降低0.253%,流道面积和出口气流角变化较大。分别考虑出口气流角气动约束、流道面积几何约束和同时考虑上述两种约束的影响,优化后出口质量熵分别降低0.176%、0.227%和0.164%,优化后叶片气动性能显著提升,且满足约束条件。改变叶型曲率能有效减弱激波强度,吸力面前段曲率降低时,流动减速、出口气流角增大,吸力面前段曲率变化较小时,出口气流角约束较好。      

Numerical Investigation of Flow Separation Control on a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade by Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation

To discover the characteristic of separated flows and mechanism of plasma flow control on a highly loaded compressor cascade, numerical investigation is conducted. The simulation method is validated by oil flow visualization and pressure distribution. The loss coefficients, streamline patterns, and topology structure as well as vortex structure are analyzed. Results show that the numbers of singular points increase and three pairs of additional singular points of topology structure on solid surface generate with the increase of angle of attack, and the total pressure loss increases greatly. There are several principal vortices inside the cascade passage. The pressure side leg of horse-shoe vortex coexists within a specific region together with passage vortex, but finally merges into the latter. Corner vortex exists independently and does not evolve from the suction side leg of horse-shoe vortex. One pair of radial coupling-vortex exists near blade trailing edge and becomes the main part of backflow on the suction surface. Passage vortex interacts with the concentrated shedding vortex and they evolve into a large-scale vortex rotating in the direction opposite to passage vortex. The singular points and separation lines represent the basic separation feature of cascade passage. Plasma actuation has better effect at low freestream velocity, and the relative reductions of pitch-averaged total pressure loss coefficient with different actuation layouts of five and two pairs of electrodes are up to 30.8% and 26.7% while the angle of attack is 2°. Plasma actuation changes the local topology structure, but does not change the number relation of singular points. One pair of additional singular point of topology structure generates with plasma actuation and one more reattachment line appears, both of which break the separation line on the suction surface.     

前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机性能分析

为解决纯脉冲爆震发动机地面启动问题,并提升其低马赫数下的性能优势,提出了一种利用外涵中爆震室头部压力驱动内涵中涡轮转动部件的前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机,建立了相应的性能分析方法,并对其部件特性及整机性能进行了计算研究。结果表明,近似稳态的涡轮总温总压进口条件可以在该组合发动机中实现,同时随着爆震室头部侧向开孔面积与爆震室面积之比(即驱动面积比)增大,流入发动机内涵驱动涡轮的气体流量增大,而涡轮前总温、总压及涡轮落压比减小,组合发动机整机推进性能增大;通过改变驱动面积比的大小,可以获得不同的压气机增压比以适于不同的飞行马赫数,进而实现发动机宽广的工作范围。     

各向同性湍流能量级串中的旋涡分岔机制

充分发展各向同性湍流能量级串和多尺度相互作用一直是湍流理论研究的核心问题.目前,对于该物理过程的完全理解或精确的数学描述缺乏基于第一原理的理论.简要介绍了湍流能量级串的概念、起源、发展历程及面临的挑战问题,着重阐述了目前各种现有描述方法的局限性.基于三维不可压缩流体的Karman-Howarth方程,根据新得到的各向同性湍流尺度演化方程以及在这一方向上的理论进展,证明存在以湍流Taylor微尺度为动力学量的非线性动力系统.根据上述新的理论,可以认为:湍流能量级串由一系列的旋涡非线性分岔过程刻画,呈现Feigenbaum倍周期分岔的途径.     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

基于能量耗散率的低速扩压叶栅损失研究

针对无化学反应和热流输入的叶栅有黏不可压流模型,推导出能量耗散率的组分分解式,根据叶栅流场仿真结果进行分析简化,得到由轴向涡量、轴向阻力和剪切力组成的能量耗散率分解式。结合总压损失,分析了耗散各组分在前缘损失、叶表损失和通道损失中的主导因素:轴向涡量项反映旋涡结构,在通道损失中占主要部分,集中在通道涡和分离面附近;轴向阻力项反映扩压和叶表边界层转折造成的流动损失,在前缘损失和叶表损失中占主要部分,集中在叶栅前部的叶表边界层和主流区;剪切力项反映轴向截面速度不均匀性,在叶栅后部的叶表损失和通道损失中占主要部分,集中在叶表、端壁边界层和分离面附近。旋涡结构和耗散各组分分布特征揭示了叶栅通道中旋涡结构与能量耗散之间的分布关系,分离区并不是主要能量耗散区,高能量耗散区主要分布在叶表边界层(叶栅前部由轴向阻力项主导,后部由剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项主导)、分离面附近(受剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项和轴向涡量项影响)。大攻角情况下,叶栅通道损失显著增加,正攻角促使轴向涡量项的增长点提前,负攻角则使得叶表边界层的速度剪切加剧。     

涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析及优化设计方法研究

为保障涡轮轴在多种不确定性因素影响下的可靠性和寿命性能,建立了涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析与优化设计方法.搭建了涡轮轴结构分析、可靠性分析和可靠性优化设计的参数化平台,实现了设计参数的不同访问值处结构分析和可靠性分析的自主调用.提出了改进Monte Carlo结合自适应Kriging的算法(A-MCS-AK),通过多点...     

面向电磁特性测量的毫米波级联雷达系统设计

单芯片毫米波雷达面临着测量维度单一、分辨率低的问题,级联雷达芯片可以获取目标的多维信息,但是给信号采集、存储和处理带来了很大压力。本文设计了高速信号处理板与级联雷达芯片构成一套完整的毫米波多发多收(MIMO)成像系统。该系统为稀疏阵面,采用时分多址(TDMA)模式,使得系统兼具2个维度的高分辨率以及空间分辨能力,并且系统内部采用高速串行计算机扩展总线标准(PCI-Express),外部采用Thunderbolt3接口,均具备很高的通道传输速率,支持对目标区域进行实时成像。使用该系统可以从高分辨成像结果中提取有效的电磁特征,以更好地使用毫米波区分不同电磁特性的目标。最后,采用此系统开展点目标和复杂目标的成像试验,成像结果充分验证了该毫米波雷达可以有效测量不同类型目标的电磁特征,对不同电磁特性的目标具备一定的分辨能力及快速成像能力。     

GaAs太阳电池空间质子辐射损伤的分子动力学研究

GaAs太阳电池在空间辐射条件下的性能衰减与电池内部微观结构紧密相关。文章针对空间辐射带质子辐照GaAs材料,利用分子动力学方法研究由被辐射材料中产生的不同能量(0.1~10 ke V)初级离位原子(PKA)引起的级联碰撞过程,分析缺陷随辐照时间、入射PKA能量的演化规律,探讨点缺陷和缺陷簇的形成特征。研究发现,在GaAs材料的缺陷对数目随时间的演化曲线中,在"离位峰"和稳定状态时,缺陷对数目与PKA能量呈一定的线性关系;PKA能量越高,辐射损伤越严重、越不易恢复,但缺陷复合率随能量升高趋于饱和;点缺陷在GaAs中主要以缺陷簇的方式存在,且随着能量的升高,孤立缺陷倾向于缔合成缺陷簇。