扇形与平面叶栅内高负荷叶片的换热特性实验研究

为了探究扇形与平面叶栅条件下,高负荷叶片的外换热特性,采用瞬态液晶测量技术,测量了雷诺数(Re)、湍流强度(Tu)对扇形叶栅(曲端壁)的小展弦比高负荷涡轮叶片表面努塞尔数(Nu)的影响,并与平面叶栅(直端壁)进行了对比。结果表明,曲端壁相较于直端壁增加了21.5°的径向进气角以及上下端壁曲率不同,从而导致换热沿叶高的不对称分布。雷诺数增大,叶片各位置的换热明显增强,吸力面边界层转捩点位置不断向前缘靠近,雷诺数对直端壁的影响大于曲端壁。随湍流强度增大,努塞尔数整体有所升高,吸力面转捩点位置前移,压力面过渡现象明显增强,中弦部分努塞尔数一维特性更为明显,湍流强度对两类端壁的叶片影响类似。在研究低雷诺数或湍流强度对高负荷叶片的换热影响时,可采用直端壁进行简化,而在高雷诺数时,为了保证结果准确性,需在发动机实际扇形叶栅中进行实验。     

涡轮流量计转子内完全三元流场的变域变分有限元解

三、涡轮流量计仪表特性曲线的计算由动量矩原理可知,当转子处于平衡时,可得到力矩平衡方程 T_d=∑T_i=T_h T_b T_t T_m T_P T_f下面分别讨论各力矩的大小。     

评涡轮流量计Thompson-Grey的理论模型

运用流体动力学分析,指出了涡轮流量计的Thompson—Grey理论模型中存在的各种缺陷。计算结果表明,改进后的模型与实际情况的吻合程度有了很大提高,涡轮流量计仪表系数的理论估计值与实际值之间的偏差由原来的±(4％～6％)下降至±1.5％以内。     

3种转角下旋转U形方通道的局部换热

在旋转数为0~0.26内用实验方法研究了转角对旋转U形方截面通道换热特性的影响.3种通道转角分别为0°,22.5°,45°.通道转角的变化引起了通道内哥氏力二次流的变化,继而导致通道各表面换热的变化.结果表明:随通道转角的增大,前缘与后缘之间努塞尔数的差异减小,而内侧面与外侧面之间的努塞尔数差异增大;在低旋转数下,转角的变化对U形通道换热的影响较小,但高旋转数下,转角的变化对U形通道换热的影响变得明显.      

可变桨距冲压空气涡轮混合型流场数值研究

冲压空气涡轮流场数值研究主要目的是模拟在实际高空加油工作状态下涡轮变桨距气动特性.数值风洞实验采用代数Baldwin-Lomax湍流模型,雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,模拟可变桨距冲压空气涡轮全三维混合型流场,并分析其流场主要气动特性,探讨桨叶载荷分布原因,然后将数值模拟结果与风洞实验数据进行了比较.改进桨叶近轮毂区域气动性能可进一步提高冲压涡轮载荷.      

基于特征造型技术的涡轮叶片参数化设计

针对航空发动机涡轮气冷叶片的结构特点,提出了叶片参数化建模的特征分类形式.然后,利用特征造型技术开发涡轮叶片的参数化设计系统;并以直背涡轮叶片为具体实例阐述了该参数化模块的开发过程,为航空发动机典型结构件的参数化奠定了基础.      

CFD simulation of helicopter rotor flow based on unsteady actuator disk model

Actuator Disks (AD) can provide characterizations of rotor wakes while reducing computational expense associated with modeling the fully resolved blades. This work presents an unsteady actuator disk method based on surface circulation distribution combined with empirical data, blade element theory and rotor momentum theory. The nonuniform circulation distribution accounts for 3D blade load effects, and in particular, tip loses. Numerical simulations were conducted for the isolated pressure sensitive paint model rotor blade in hover and forward flight using the HMB3 CFD solver of Glasgow University. Validation of CFD results in comparison with published numerical data was performed in hover, for a range of blade pitch angles using fully turbulent flow and the k-ω SST model. In forward flight, the vortex structures predicted using the unsteady actuator disk model showed configurations similar to the ones obtained using fully resolved rotor blades. Despite the reduced grid cells number, the CFD results for AD models captured well the main vortical structures around the rotor disk in comparison to the fully resolved cases.     

不同叶片尾缘结构对流换热特性实验

为了研究不同叶片尾缘结构对对流换热系数的影响规律,设计了三种尾缘结构,并搭建了实验台,采用红外热像仪对叶片尾缘的壁温进行测量。研究结果表明,（1）三种尾缘结构的对流换热系数沿壁面的分布有很大差异,针对实验件I,对流换热系数存在一最大值,且最大值出现的位置随着吹风比的增加而逐渐远离气膜出口;（2）实验件II和III的对流换热系数沿壁面均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但降低的规律二者又不相同;（3）在相同壁面位置,实验件III的对流换热系数最高,而实验件I的对流换热系数最低,因此可以认为,实验件III所示的尾缘结构更有利于对叶片尾缘更好的冷却。     

面向叶片型面的五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光技术

针对叶片型面抛光,在分析五轴联动数控砂带抛光可行性的基础上,设计并开发了五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光机。提出了接触轮与叶片型面有效贴合的概念,并通过改善抛光工具、采用柔性抛光技术和控制抛光轴矢量来实现砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合。抛光轴矢量由抛光位点处法矢和接触轮进给矢量计算获得,既实现了砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合,而且满足抛光轮接触压力方向与柔性机构收缩方向基本一致的要求。抛光轨迹规划采用等参数线法,抛光行距根据抛光带宽确定。最后进行抛光实验,结果为精抛后粗糙度达到0.25~0.39μm,抛光前后叶型轮廓度变化0.007mm,抛光去除量在0.010~0.016mm之间,满足图纸要求。通过实验表明,五轴联动数控砂带抛光叶片型面可行,采用本文所述技术能够满足叶片型面抛光要求。     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.