单晶叶片材料拉/压屈服特性的力学研究

在Ni基单相(γ′)单晶合金拉/压屈服规律的基础上,对单晶叶片材料(γ′和γ两相)进行了分析。给出了一组能反映其屈服规律的力学表达式和分析程序,并用实验结果进行验证。     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

Hover performance of helicopter main and tail rotors with swirl velocities

It is important to quickly predict the hover performance of main and tail rotors with sufficient precision for helicopter design. To investigate the effects of swirl velocities on the hover performance of main and tail rotors, and give a better prediction for the hover performance, a flight performance model was derived and a swirl velocity model was coupled into it. The test data of the UH-60A helicopter were used for validation. When the blade loading coefficient of the main rotor was higher than 005, the effects of the swirl velocities on the main rotor power became significant. The swirl velocities increased the profile torque of the main rotor. The increased torque required the tail rotor to produce more thrust with more power consumption. At a higher blade loading coefficient of the main rotor of 012, the swirl velocities increased the main rotor power, tail rotor power and total power by 380%, 524% and 508%, respectively. The profile power increase of the main rotor caused by the profile swirl velocity was less than that of the induced swirl velocity, but the power increase was higher at high rotor blade loadings. Considering the swirl velocities in the main rotor can improve the prediction precision of the hover performance, especially at high blade loadings      

非等直径柱肋阵列的冷却特性

为优化柱肋阵列冷却效果,通过缩小柱肋阵列中局部柱肋直径得到3种非等直径柱肋阵列通道。采用瞬态液晶测试技术和数值模拟方法研究了其传热和流阻特性。结果表明:保持奇数排柱肋直径的大小,仅减小偶数排的直径,能在传热减弱不多的情况下,使通道的流动阻力大幅降低。适当调整奇/偶数排柱肋的直径,雷诺数为10 000~50 000,奇偶数排柱肋直径比为1.4的非等直径柱肋阵列通道,其平均传热系数仅减小了约6%,而阻力系数则减小了约21%。      

航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片鸟撞损伤模型标定

为建立航空发动机风扇叶片抗鸟撞载荷能力的量化预测方法,针对特定的航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片设计,依据发动机在典型工作状态下的吸鸟速度、角度等撞击参数开展叶片鸟撞试验,采用显式动力学数值仿真方法,建立叶片鸟撞试验仿真分析模型,并通过对模型中叶片材料参数、鸟体本构模型参数、鸟与叶片耦合接触参数进行敏感度分析,对模型进行标定.结果表明,标定后的鸟撞分析模型所预测的叶片损伤模式与试验结果一致,预测的损伤位置与试验测量结果误差小于10%.      

非线性摩擦失谐叶片排序并行退火算法

基于叶片模态实验获得的叶片失谐参数,基于非线性摩擦阻尼分析提出一种失谐叶盘结构的集中参数模型.综合模拟退火算法的局部搜索能力和遗传算法的全局搜索能力,并引入禁忌表作为搜索记忆表,提出了一种应用模拟退火进化算法附加禁忌表的叶片排序优化方法.同时结合图形处理器运算设计了基于compute unified device architecture(CUDA)的并行算法并且分析其算法性能.研究表明:基于并行框架寻优可以获得4.5倍的加速,同时按照优化后方案安装,可以明显降低叶盘系统振动响应幅值与方差.      

Characterization of component interactions in two-stage axial turbine

This study concerns the characterization of both the steady and unsteady flows and the analysis of stator/rotor interactions of a two-stage axial turbine. The predicted aerodynamic performances show noticeable differences when simulating the turbine stages simultaneously or separately. By considering the multi-blade per row and the scaling technique, the Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) produced better results concerning the effect of pitchwise positions between vanes and blades. The recorded pressure fluctuations exhibit a high unsteadiness characterized by a space–time periodicity described by a double Fourier decomposition. The Fast Fourier Transform FFT analysis of the static pressure fluctuations recorded at different interfaces reveals the existence of principal harmonics and their multiples, and each lobed structure of pressure wave corresponds to the number of vane/blade count. The potential effect is seen to propagate both upstream and downstream of each blade row and becomes accentuated at low mass flow rates. Between vanes and blades, the potential effect is seen to dominate the quasi totality of blade span, while downstream the blades this effect seems to dominate from hub to mid span. Near the shroud the prevailing effect is rather linked to the blade tip flow structure.     

旋转状态下涡轮叶片复合冷却结构

采用三维流固耦合换热计算研究了旋转状态下涡轮叶片冷却结构的复合冷却性能,讨论了辐射换热和转速对综合冷却效果的影响.结果表明:结构1叶根处出现局部高温区,低冷却效率范围大,叶片整体温度分布不均匀,结构2通过更合理的气膜流量分配提高了前缘附近冷却效率,降低了叶片表面最高温度,结构3采用内部蛇形通道使吸力面冷却效率显著提高,叶片整体冷却效率分布较为均匀;考虑壁面辐射换热时叶片表面温度升高,当表面发射率为1时局部温升超过50K,壁面辐射换热的影响不能被忽略;压力面综合冷却效率随转速增大而升高,3种结构的局部冷却效率最高分别能提升15.6%,13.4%和16.4%,吸力面上除弦中区冷却效率随转速升高有所降低外,其余位置冷却效率变化不大.      

涡轮复杂气冷叶盘结构变形分析模型简化方法

基于高压转子开展高压(HP)涡轮转子叶片叶尖变形分析可提高叶尖间隙的数值模拟精度,而高压涡轮转子叶片由于其复杂的气冷结构,有限元分析网格数量巨大;叶片和轮盘的榫接结构属于非线性分析,也需要足够的计算机时。针对该问题提出了一种复杂气冷叶片的简化方法和榫接结构接触计算简化方法,在不影响计算精度的前提下提高计算效率。采用该方法对典型结构高压涡轮转子进行了变形分析,与采用复杂气冷叶片模型和接触分析方法的变形分析结果进行比较。结果表明:涡轮叶片叶尖最大径向变形相对误差为0.47%,计算机时减少99%,证明简化方法和计算方法的有效性。      

侧向射流位置对旋转楔形通道换热分布的影响

在主流入口雷诺数为15000,最大流量比(侧向射流流量和主流流量的比值)与最大旋转数分别为04和023的范围内,实验研究了三个不同位置引入侧向冷气射流冲击对楔形通道内换热分布的影响。实验结果表明:静止状态下,侧向射流冲击只能强化侧向射流孔附近区域的换热;旋转状态下,侧向射流对主流上游的影响区域扩大,并减缓了射流区域的冷气侧向出流,缩小了射流区域内前、后缘面的换热差异,当射流区域的换热效率最高时,该差异最小。为提升通道的平均换热效率,降低旋转对换热的不利影响,侧向射流孔应在通道的中上部,流量比控制在对应的临界值以下。