槽缝射流和泄漏间隙对轴对称涡轮端壁换热特性的影响

为了研究槽缝射流和泄漏间隙对一级涡轮导叶轴对称端壁换热特性的影响,利用R35C15W型宽带液晶和稳态测温技术在高速叶栅风洞试验台进行了端壁换热特性的实验研究.在无槽缝射流时,研究了叶栅进口雷诺数(Re=2.2×105,2.8×105和3.4×105)对端壁换热特性的影响;在有槽缝射流条件下研究了射流质量流量比(0.6％...     

风机叶片用缝编织物渗透性能评估

在渗透性能测试方法归纳介绍的基础上,开展了试验及比较,初步确定了相应的测试试验规范.结合风机叶片的具体工艺和使用部位等,初步选定了缝编织物的渗透性能评估参数和测试方法,以对风机叶片用缝编织物渗透性能测试评估方法的统一规范确定提供一些思路.     

An intuitive parameterization method with inherently high-order differentiability for compressor blade sections based on ellipse hierarchical deformation

Shape parameterization has a crucial influence on the optimal solution of aerodynamic optimization. This paper proposes a novel parameterization method for compressor blade sections based on the three-level deformation of the ellipse, which simultaneously satisfies the requirements of flexibility, smoothness, intuitiveness, and compactness. In proposed method, the first-level deformation directly controls nine key geometric parameters to construct the blade section profile, and then the second- and third-level deformations are performed respectively to coarsely and finely modify the profile while keeping the key geometric parameters unchanged. These three levels of deformation effectively decompose the design space without destroying the ellipse’s infinite differentiability, allowing designers to work only with intuitive shape-related parameters to design blade sections with inherently high-order continuity. To verify the effectiveness, six existing blade sections are first fitted and then one of them is selected for a three-level optimization. The results show that the geometry and aerodynamic performance of the fitted and the original blade sections are in good agreement, and the loss coefficient of the optimized blade section is reduced by a total of 36.41%, with 27.34%, 8.45%, and 0.62% reductions for the first to the third level, respectively. Therefore, the proposed parameterization method facilitates the design of lower-loss and higher-load compressor blade sections.     

涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能的不确定性量化研究

基于非嵌入式多项式混沌展开方法,结合Smolyak稀疏网格技术与Sobol Indic方法构建了涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能不确定性量化分析系统。研究并量化了几何参数叶顶间隙和运行工况参数主流进口总温与气膜冷却吹风比不确定性对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶气热特性的影响。不确定性分析结果表明：在考虑叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的情况下,叶顶换热量 基本符合正态分布。 的统计均值相对于设计值增加13.56%并且其偏离设计值10%的概率高达65.68%。相比叶顶尾缘区域,叶顶前缘部分的换热量对不确定性输入更加敏感。前缘区域的叶片壁面换热量 的不确定性明显大于尾缘部分。在叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的影响下,0-80%轴向弦长区域内叶顶总压损失系数存在微小偏差,但在80%轴向弦长以后区域总压损失系数的不确定性偏差会达到约50%。敏感度分析的结果表明主流进口总温是叶片换热性能不确定性的主导变量,其对 与 不确定性的贡献分别为93.87%和98.32%。叶顶气动性能的不确定性则完全由叶顶间隙控制,其对叶顶总压损失系数不确定性的方差占比高达86.44%。与主效应相比,各变量间的二阶交互效应对叶顶气热性能的影响几乎可以忽略不计。     

带有加强肋的涡轮机匣排孔冲击连腔结构内部换热特性研究

为获得涡轮机匣内部表面换热系数分布数据,以带有加强肋的排孔冲击连腔结构为对象进行了瞬态液晶实验。研究了不同射流雷诺数（Re=5.1×10³~1.1×10⁴）、冲击间距比（2.5,5.0,7.5）及轴向间距比（4.0,9.0,14.0）对靶面努塞尔数的影响规律。实验结果表明：增大射流雷诺数对靶面平均努塞尔数的提升最显著。随着冲击间距比的增大,靶面平均努塞尔数逐渐减小,但这种换热削弱效果局限在距冲击驻点2D~3D（D为冲击孔直径）范围内,其它区域的变化很小。在靠近前后端壁的局部区域,表面努塞尔数随冲击间距比的增大而增大。轴向间距比的改变不会影响无出流孔靶面的换热情况,对于有出流孔靶面而言,轴向间距比为9.0的结构换热效果最好。Re=5.1×10³条件下,轴向间距比为9.0结构在有出流孔靶面上的平均努塞尔数相比4.0和14.0结构分别增大了5.7%和8.1%,并且随雷诺数增大,增幅越大。     

略论发动机涡轮叶片的振动疲劳

针对发动机涡轮叶片的振动及振动疲劳破坏进行了理论分析。通过理论分析和实验，说明了叶片对抗振对疲劳的能力主要取决于性质及叶片的形式、表面状态，而与静强度无关。并对改进设计和工艺，充分挖掘材料潜力，加强对叶片防护，提出了建议和设想。     

Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.     

分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响

摘要：为揭示分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响机制,采用数值方法考察了典型分流叶片长度和周向位置下压气机性能和流场结构。通过对压气机流场的详细分析,建立了分流叶片长度和周向位置参数与压气机流动结构的关联性。研究表明：分流叶片的优化设计需综合考虑长度和周向位置,采用60%长度和60%周向位置的分流叶片方案可获得最佳压气机级性能,该方案的压比和效率较设计值分别提高了3.2%和1.0%;分流叶片改善压气机性能的机制为分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流作用,以及分流叶片吸力面高速低压气流对泄漏涡的引射作用;进行分流叶片优化设计时,应合理选取叶片长度和周向安装位置,以实现分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流和引射,同时应避免分流叶片过长导致叶顶发生明显二次泄漏和分流叶片前缘形成高马赫区。     

狭缝斜肋内冷通道流动和换热特性的数值研究

为了探究狭缝斜肋的流动和换热特性,进一步挖掘传统斜肋的性能,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了五种不同位置和倾斜角度的狭缝对45°斜肋流动和换热特性的影响,计算的进口雷诺数为2×104～8×104,并与传统的实心肋进行了对比分析。结果表明,狭缝的存在显著改变了冷却通道的流动结构以及换热分布,降低了冷却通道的阻力损失,减小了通道整体的强化换热系数,但同时增加了肋片表面的强化换热系数,且狭缝的位置和倾斜角度的不同对通道性能也存在一定的影响。对比综合热效率,狭缝斜肋相比实心肋增加了约12%～15%。     

换热预冷发动机预冷特性和发动机性能数值研究

为深入了解换热预冷发动机换热器预冷效果和发动机性能,首先设计了叉排管束式细小通道换热预冷器,并采用非定常数值模拟方法对换热效果进行了仿真,然后结合换热预冷发动机性能计算程序对预冷发动机性能进行了研究。结果表明,飞行马赫数为2.5~4.0且氢气空气质量流比为0.03~0.09条件下,换热预冷器能将来流空气预冷90.6~471.2 K,低温氢气经吸热后温度升幅为266.1~455.3 K,换热效果良好。来流空气经预冷后涡轮发动机的飞行包线最高被拓展至马赫数4.0,达到了与超燃冲压发动机的衔接速域。相比于传统涡轮发动机,氢气空气质量流比为0.03时,本文换热预冷发动机加力状态推力能恢复至设计点推力水平;当氢气空气质量流比增加至0.09时,加力状态推力最高达到设计点推力的两倍左右。马赫数2.6以下换热预冷措施能小幅改善发动机比冲和耗油率（仅计算用于燃烧的氢气量）性能,而飞行速度大于马赫数2.6后换热预冷措施也难以抑制比冲和耗油率迅速恶化的趋势。