高压涡轮冷却叶片叶顶结构气动与传热

开展了叶顶结构及间隙变化对高压涡轮冷却叶片气动与传热性能影响的研究,建立了四种不同叶顶结构的涡轮冷却叶片几何与数值分析模型,进行了高精度流热固耦合分析,得到了不同叶顶结构及间隙对涡轮冷却叶片气动与传热性能影响的数值分析结果。结果表明:不带射流孔叶片随着叶顶间隙的增大,总压损失增加;由于近壁面处存在的涡流,凹槽叶顶结构能够减少叶顶燃气泄漏,阻碍叶顶平面高温燃气的流动与热交换;叶顶射流孔冷却效果明显,能够大幅度降低叶顶平面温度。在相同叶顶间隙下,凹槽射流叶片具有最高的气动性能。     

几何结构对后台阶缝隙气膜冷却效率的影响

1引言在现代高性能航空发动机中,涡轮叶片的尾部往往是高温部位,也最容易受热腐蚀而损坏,主要原因是叶片后部燃气侧流动往往已发展为湍流,使该部位换热强度很大,同时也降低了上游喷出冷气的冷却效率,叶片内部冷气经途中吸热,到达尾部时温度也相对较高,冷却作用也相对较小。因此     

对不同转角扩压叶栅内弯叶片的数值模拟

通过数值模拟,分析了叶片周向弯曲对不同转角的压气机叶栅内分离结构和叶栅损失系数的影响。折转角分别为37,°46°和54°;冲角分别为±5°和±10°,弯角分别为±10,°±20°,±30°。结果表明,在不同折转角下,叶片正弯的表现不同:折转角较小时,正弯增强了吸力面的二次流,叶栅总损失增加;中等折转角时,叶片正弯可以有效遏止角区分离,并改善吸力面分离型态;大折转角时,较小的叶片正弯可以改善流动,但弯角大于20°时,流动重新恶化。反弯使得叶栅内角区分离趋势增加,气动性能明显降低。不同冲角下,弯角对损失影响的变化趋势基本相同,只是正冲角增强了这种趋势,负冲角减弱这种趋势。     

雷诺数对涡轮叶尖流场影响的数值研究

采用基于压力修正的三维计算流体力学程序，结合雷诺应力湍流模型和剪切应力传输湍流模型加壁面函数的方法，对某一轴流涡轮转子叶尖间隙流场进行了数值计算研究，详细计算了不同涡轮叶尖间隙高度和来流湍流度条件下雷诺数对涡轮转子间隙流场的影响，最后计算了转子效率。结果表明：当泄漏流流经叶尖时因为叶尖剪切力做功有块总压增大区；雷诺数带来的影响比湍流度和叶尖间隙高度带来的影响要大，湍流度的变化对流场影响不大；雷诺数对泄漏涡尺寸的影响不大，但低雷诺数会引起流动分离，带来损失，当雷诺数在文中的范围内变化时，效率下降近八个百分点。     

考虑应力松弛的涡轮盘蠕变-疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法

提出了考虑材料蠕变应变模型参数分散性及应力松弛效应的涡轮盘蠕变-疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法。首先建立蠕变应变概率模型;然后采用响应面法分别回归蠕变和疲劳损伤函数;通过蒙特卡洛法模拟总损伤分布及寿命可靠度。同时提出给定可靠度的寿命计算方法和两种考虑应力松弛的涡轮盘蠕变-疲劳寿命可靠度分析简化方法。通过算例验证了方法的有效性。     

涡轮叶片的循环蠕变分析

研究了航空发动机一级涡轮叶片的蠕变行为。对叶片的危险区作了静载恒温蠕变计算和变温变载蠕变计算。其结果是静载恒温蠕变和实验结果一致;其循环蠕变变形略小于静蠕变变形。变温变载下叶片的蠕变寿命可用静载恒温蠕变进行预估。      

带冠和冷却小孔涡轮叶片振动特性分析

某发动机第一级涡轮叶片是带有矩形冠和9小孔冷却涡轮叶片,为分析该级叶片振动特性,建立了有限元模型,分析了小孔、均匀温度场和非均匀温度场下、叶冠边界条件等对振动特性的影响。同时,依据共振疲劳损伤寿命理论确定叶冠的最佳间隙值,来增加使用寿命。计算结果表明:在无真实的温度场时,考虑工作时的平均温度是有效的工程处理方法;小孔对叶片振动特性的影响是较微弱的。      

前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机性能分析

为解决纯脉冲爆震发动机地面启动问题,并提升其低马赫数下的性能优势,提出了一种利用外涵中爆震室头部压力驱动内涵中涡轮转动部件的前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机,建立了相应的性能分析方法,并对其部件特性及整机性能进行了计算研究。结果表明,近似稳态的涡轮总温总压进口条件可以在该组合发动机中实现,同时随着爆震室头部侧向开孔面积与爆震室面积之比(即驱动面积比)增大,流入发动机内涵驱动涡轮的气体流量增大,而涡轮前总温、总压及涡轮落压比减小,组合发动机整机推进性能增大;通过改变驱动面积比的大小,可以获得不同的压气机增压比以适于不同的飞行马赫数,进而实现发动机宽广的工作范围。     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

A new localization theory of adaptive machining of near-net-shape blades

In the fabrication of aero-engine blades, a great deal is gained when massive material removal is avoided at the end of the process, and as little as possible material is left on the blade billet. Due to the uncertainty of pre-process, the billet shapes are inconsistent. Sometimes, the near-net-shape billet doesn’t cover the blade design surface to be cut. Therefore, blade localization is necessary for these billets before the machining. In conventional localization methods, the design surface’s location focused on guaranteeing enough material to be cut. However, because the to-be-cut surface is in near-net and free-form shape, it is difficult to find a valid localized surface model to generate the tool path. Different from the localized surface is taken as rigid in previous investigation, it is allowed to deviate from the design surface no more than the tolerance band. In term of this principle, the tolerance band is utilized to promote localization ability. A series of optimization models with different priorities is established to avoid the abandonment expensive blade billet. Finally, with the experiments performed on the near-net-shape blades, the blade localization theory and the promotion of localization ability are verified.