An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.     

涡轴发动机涡轮部件改型气动分析

首先对涡轴发动机涡轮部件的变工况特性进行了数值研究,计算结果与实验测量吻合良好。在此基础上,引入拓扑分析手段,对有、无中间承力支板的涡轮内部流场进行了详细分析。结果表明:支板对效率、流量等总体性能参数影响不大。最后对涡轮进行了改型优化,去掉支板,缩小尺寸并由动力涡轮静叶栅作为承力框架。计算表明:通过适当的气动优化,无支板的涡轮气动性能可以进一步提高。     

间隙高度对某涡轮叶尖间隙泄漏流影响的研究

利用三维湍流数值模拟方法模拟某跨声速高压涡轮流场,研究了转子叶尖间隙高度对涡轮转子间隙泄漏流动的影响,详细描述了间隙流动结构随间隙高度的变化情况。研究结果表明:随着间隙高度的增加,间隙泄漏流流量线性增加,并导致转子叶尖附近流体偏转角度减小。间隙高度每增加1%相对叶高,间隙泄漏流量占总流量的比例约增加2.1%。间隙高度变化对间隙内部流动的影响明显:当间隙比较小时,随着间隙高度的增加,分离泡的大小迅速增加,回流区域减小。随着间隙高度的增加,间隙泄漏涡尺度迅速增加,同时由于泄漏流中高速流体流量增加,通道涡远离叶片吸力面并向靠近机匣的方向移动,泄漏涡也向远离吸力面方向运动。     

Electrode design using revolving entity extraction for high-efficiency electric discharge machining of integral shrouded blisk

The integral shrouded blisk provides better performance with minimum weight, but its semi-open structure presents problems for its production. Manufacturing processes of these components require a removal of about 70%-90% of material from their blanks. Multi-axis electrical discharge machining (EDM) is commonly used for these processes, but its poor efficiency cannot meet the requirements of mass production. Strong flushing assisted high-current discharge is able to improve the machining efficiency. In this paper, this method was applied to manufacture the integral shrouded blisk. An electrode design method was proposed. Taking the largest revolving entity inside the flow channel as the base geometry, this laminated arc-shaped hollow electrode meets the requirements such as high pressure flushing, tool wear compensation, and easy to be made. A 4-axis linkage machining tool path with planetary motion was proposed. Taking an integral guide vane ring as an example, it has been experimentally verified that the time consumption for each channel using this method was reduced to a half of the ordinary EDM method, while the finished surface quality remains same.     

涡轮发动机用陶瓷基复合材料涡轮转子研究进展（两机专刊）

高性能飞行器对涡轮发动机性能需求不断提升,对涡轮转子的耐温性和轻质化提出了苛刻要求。而目前高温合金涡轮转子性能逼近材料极限,难以满足未来涡轮发动机大幅减重提温的需求,先进陶瓷基复合材料（CMCs）涡轮转子成为必然趋势。本文介绍了涡轮转子用CMCs复合材料的设计、制备、加工、检测,以及各国在CMCs涡轮转子研制方面的进展,研究表明CMCs涡轮转子在液体火箭发动机、先进航空发动机领域具有巨大优势和应用潜力。当前连续纤维增强CMCs复合材料涡轮转子的耐温性能、抗冲击性能已初步得到验证,而材料强度和韧性不足是制约CMCs在航空发动机涡轮转子上应用的主要因素,发展高强度、高韧性涡轮转子用CMCs材料成为当前研究热点和未来必然趋势。     

不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内沿程温度及其与叶片的撞击特性研究

涡轮叶片表面的颗粒沉积会影响其气动性能和冷却效率,因此很有必要开展颗粒在流道内的运动、温度及其在涡轮叶片表面的撞击特性研究。基于离散相模型,采用CFD数值模拟了涡轮流道内的燃气流动以及不同粒径颗粒在涡轮流道内的运动轨迹与沿程温度变化,并获得了颗粒与涡轮叶片的撞击特性。模拟结果表明,随着颗粒粒径由1μm增加至200μm,颗粒在涡轮流道内的随流性变差,颗粒在流道内的撞击、反弹现象加剧,这促使颗粒在流道内的运动路程整体呈上升趋势;颗粒粒径的增大还会导致颗粒散热能力下降,促使颗粒的沿程温降逐渐降低;同时,颗粒粒径的增大会导致颗粒在导叶片表面的撞击系数上升,而动叶则与之相反。     

基于P-ε-N曲线整体推断的涡轮盘寿命可靠性分析

疲劳寿命符合对数正态分布,并且对数寿命的标准差随弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅的减小而增大。采用基于异方差回归分析的整体推断方法在现有低循环疲劳试验数据的基础上,得到了航空发动机涡轮盘材料GH4133在温度250℃下的P-ε-N曲线;利用P--εN曲线对某涡轮盘进行低循环疲劳寿命可靠性分析,得到置信度0.95,可靠度0.998 7的轮盘寿命为1 866次循环,合683飞行小时,与涡轮盘疲劳试验分析得到的技术寿命接近。整体推断得到的P-ε-N曲线精度较高,利用P-ε-N曲线进行轮盘寿命可靠性设计分析具有计算简便、节约试验成本的优点。     

上端壁翘曲对涡轮叶栅流场的影响

利用N－S方程求解程序，对采用不同端壁结构的三套大转角涡轮叶栅进行了数值模拟，探讨了上端壁翘曲对涡轮叶栅内气流流动的影响。计算结果表明,上端壁翘曲后，上半翼殿内的二次流流场发生了明显的变化，非轴对称端壁是控制叶栅内二次流流动的一种有效的方法。     

预置裂纹定向凝固高温合金叶片的断裂特征分析

通过对涡轮叶片用、定向凝固合金材料DZ4紧凑拉伸试样的断裂韧性计算,在有限元程序MSC.MARC下建立了复杂构件应力强度因子的计算模型;结合试验研究,计算了预置裂纹叶片的应力强度因子,分析了发生断裂时的状态,发现叶片的断裂韧性具有较大的分散性,其中一部分明显低于材料的试验值;对工作条件下的故障叶片进行了模拟计算,反映出该叶片在发生断裂时瞬断区偏大而疲劳区偏小的断裂特征。     

叶冠齿数和齿顶间隙对涡轮气动性能的影响

通过数值方法对某1.5级带冠涡轮的流场进行研究,对比分析了不同叶冠齿数和齿顶间隙对涡轮气动性能的影响.研究结果表明,泄漏流与主流掺混后形成一个涡流区,改变了叶栅上半通道的流场结构,使得顶部流体以负攻角进入下级静叶,造成攻角损失,改变了下级静叶的气动性能.同时发现间隙相对于齿数对涡轮气动性能的影响程度更为显著,间隙相同,齿数从1增加到4时,涡轮效率增加0.75％;齿数相同,间隙从2mm减小到0.5mm时,涡轮效率增加1.82％.