Optimization of the tether-assisted return mission of a guided re-entry capsule

This paper presents the mission analysis of a tether-assisted payload retrieval from the International Space Station (ISS). The objective is to assess all relevant phases of such a mission in order to allow a comparison with a conventional mission employing a propulsive deorbitation. The controlled tether deployment procedure and the guided return flight of the released re-entry capsule are optimized. A preferable deployment strategy is identified that allows for favorable entry conditions and low flight loads. The optimal deployment trajectories serve as a basis for an optimal dynamic regulator. This approach is extended towards an adaptive concept, where artificial neural networks are applied to deployment control. For the guidance of the capsule a predictive concept is proposed that is based on the optimal re-entry trajectories identified previously. By applying these concepts, the attainable landing accuracy during return amounts to an average of 5 km, and the application of the tether system exhibits overall system mass advantages. This demonstrates that the tether-assisted return mission is a competitive alternative.     

直升机动部件小子样全尺寸疲劳试验件的x~2检验

本文将X~2检验——“检验一个小子样是否来自已知标准差的母体”方法应用于直升机动部件的疲劳试验数据统计处理中,并与传统方法获得的结论进行了对比。结果表明:同样的小子样试验数据,若运用检验合格的结论,在同样的可靠度下,能较大幅度地提高零件的疲劳寿命。     

截短单边膨胀喷管的试验和数值模拟

基于最短长度理论喷管设计程序,获得了设计点为马赫数6.5时单边膨胀喷管(Single ExpansionRamp Nozzle,SERN)等熵膨胀型线,并对其截短70%后的喷管进行模型设计和加工。通过试验和数值模拟结合的方法,研究了模型喷管在不同压比下的流场结构和性能。结果表明:喷管长度截短70%对推力性能影响不大,在所有典型压比下,喷管截短70%后推力系数与原喷管相差不超过1%。该喷管截短70%后,其推力系数在落压比大于60时仍能达到0.95以上,随着喷管压比的继续降低,喷管推力系数迅速降低,性能恶化,喷管在过膨胀状态下的性能应该得到重点关注。     

Human spaceflight and an asteroid redirect mission: Why?

The planning of human spaceflight programmes is an exercise in careful rationing of a scarce and expensive resource. Current NASA plans are to develop the new capability for human-rated launch into space to replace the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known as the Space Shuttle, combined with a heavy lift capability, and followed by an eventual Mars mission. As an intermediate step towards Mars, NASA proposes to venture beyond Low Earth Orbit to cis-lunar space to visit a small asteroid which will be captured and moved to lunar orbit by a separate robotic mission. The rationale for this and how to garner support from the scientific community for such an asteroid mission are discussed. Key points that emerge are that a programme usually has greater legitimacy when it emerges from public debate, mostly via a Presidential Commission, a report by the National Research Council or a Decadal Review of science goals etc. Also, human spaceflight missions need to have support from a wide range of interested communities. Accordingly, an outline scientific case for a human visit to an asteroid is made. Further, it is argued here that the scientific interest in an asteroid mission needs to be included early in the planning stages, so that the appropriate capabilities (here the need for drilling cores and carrying equipment to, and returning samples from, the asteroid) can be included.     

火炮首发命中率试验脱靶弹数据处理方法

通过对出现脱靶弹情况下的散布特征参数估计方法进行研究,建立正态双边截尾样本均值和方差估计数学模型,并给出了数值计算方法,为火炮武器系统首发命中概率试验脱靶提供了理论依据。     

正确选择数字示波器

以当前流行的数字示波器为例 ,介绍了其带宽、取样速度、存储深度、接口等一些基本概念。     

小子样下导电滑环磨损失效仿真的可靠性评估研究

针对滑环失效数据较少的特点，构建导电滑环磨损失效模型，结合小子样数据处理法和随机性理论对滑环摩擦副进行可靠性评估研究。首先，考虑滑环摩擦副在热力电多场耦合环境下的特点，应用传热学、赫兹理论、能量守恒定律量化多场耦合对滑环摩擦副的影响，再结合Archard模型理论构建导电滑环摩擦副磨损失效模型。然后，采用小子样数据的虚拟增广法和Boot-strap法对仿真数据进行扩展，根据滑环磨损特征量分布规律分别得到随机失效阈值与固定阈值下的可靠度函数曲线，以某厂制造的导电滑环为例，进行滑环摩擦副可靠性评估，实验结果表明随机失效阈值下的可靠度与实际更接近。研究表明所构建的磨损模型和方法可以有效地对导电滑环进行可靠性评估，避免了传统的必须依赖大量试验数据的方法，解决了缺少滑环试验数据而难以进行可靠性评估的问题，填补了导电滑环可靠性研究的空白。     

Issues in planetary protection: policy, protocol and implementation

Planetary protection is NASA's term for the practice of protecting solar system bodies from Earth life while protecting Earth from life that may be brought back from other solar system bodies. Spacefaring nations will soon begin retrieving samples from Mars and other solar system bodies. For these samples, planetary protection is in order, and measures are already in place to prevent the forward contamination of Mars and other bodies by Earth microbes and the backward contamination of Earth by possible extraterrestrial life. A major goal of planetary protection controls on forward contamination is to preserve the planetary record of natural processes by preventing human-caused microbial introductions.     

基于历元间差分技术的精密单点定位研究

无模糊度模型的精密单点定位,通过历元间相位差分,消除初始相位模糊 度来求取历元间位置差。本文基于抗差估计,讨论了历元间伪距、相位差分技术以及参数的 估计方法。赋予伪距、相位观测值不同的初始权,然后采用抗差估计原理进行位置差参数 估计。分析了不同采样率对位置差结果的影响,采用小波分析理论对位置差误差的特性 进行了研究。探讨了采用历元间差分获得的位置差进行单点 定位时存在的一些问题。
     

导弹精度评估的非参数Bootstrap方法

基于目前导弹试验的实际状况,讨论了小子样情况下精度指标的置信区间估计的非参数Bootstrap方法。介绍了Bootstrap方法的基本概念,综合比较了非参数Bootstrap抽样和参数Bootstrap抽样的特点,对基于传统百分位法的改进区间估计方法进行了简要说明,包括迭代Bootstrap方法、Bootstrap-t方法及纠偏百分位方法;最后,通过大量仿真计算初步分析了各种非参数Bootstrap区间估计方法的性能和适用范围,并给出了若干建议。