高雷诺数下交叉圆柱涡激振动的数值分析

基于能量捕获应用场景,利用数值仿真的方法研究了高雷诺数下交叉圆柱的涡激振动(Vortex Induced Vibration, VIV)现象。首先建立了三维VIV数值模型,通过与已有文献试验数据对比验证了该数值模型的准确性。进而在该模型的基础上,对交叉圆柱的VIV进行了仿真研究,并与普通圆柱做了对比分析。研究发现,受竖圆柱的影响,交叉圆柱在中低流速的涡强度有所减小,使低流速下的柱体振幅减小,启动流速变大;在中流速范围,涡脱落位置的改变,使得振幅增加;在高流速范围涡强度和涡脱落位置变化并不明显,振幅也与普通圆柱相近。     

双脉冲固体发动机燃烧室EPDM绝热层烧蚀性能实验研究

双脉冲发动机工作时燃烧室内部热环境复杂,对内绝热层设计提出很高要求,但对双脉冲发动机燃烧室内EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能研究较少。为此,本文提出了工作时间为15s和两次点火工作时间为7.5s+7.5s的发动机实验方案,以研究双脉冲固体发动机燃烧室内EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能。采用SEM电镜扫描、微米CT测试分析获得了烧蚀试件的表面宏观形貌、炭化层表面和断面微观形貌以及炭化层三维构型;利用测厚仪测量结果计算了试件的烧蚀率。结果表明,在总工作时间相等的情况下,双脉冲发动机中EPDM绝热层的烧蚀率比传统发动机大;与传统发动机中单次热冲击下烧蚀后试件相比,双脉冲发动机二次热冲击下烧蚀后试件的炭化层厚度减小约50%,总体孔隙率增大约13%;烧蚀表面致密层的致密程度也有所减小。双脉冲发动机工作时,EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能在二次热冲击下发生较大变化,需在燃烧室内绝热层的设计过程中予以重视。     

带有中心钝体的固体燃料冲压发动机工作性能分析

为提高固体燃料冲压发动机的燃烧特性和工作性能,提出了带有中心钝体的固体燃料冲压发动机方案,基于雷诺转捩和涡概念耗散方程建立了其湍流燃烧模型,并数值计算分析了其内流场、燃面退移速率、推力与总压损失。结果表明：带有中心钝体的冲压发动机内部流动过程较为复杂,钝体后部有四个漩涡,增强了发动机内来流空气与燃气的掺混;钝体孔隙中的高速气流与两侧的小尺度漩涡保证了钝体尾涡的稳定性;与普通固体燃料冲压发动机相比,在燃烧室中增加中心钝体能增大燃烧室内高温区面积,提高补燃室内温度,可使推进剂平均燃面退移速率提高26.11%,发动机推力提高22.12%,燃烧效率提高8.9%。     

气氢亚燃冲压发动机燃烧室氢和空气增混技术及稳焰方案

定性分析了设计气氢亚燃冲压发动机燃烧室所遇到的两个问题：氢和空气扩散火焰的混合增强和稳焰技术，综合了可用于氢和空气扩散火焰的几种混合增强方案和稳焰方案。     

涡流发生器在二元亚音扩压器角落流动控制中的应用

本文介绍了在最佳扩压规律的二元单边凹壁亚音扩压壁面上气流接近于分离,而角落区域气流有倒流的情况下,采用适当结构参数的叶片式涡流发生器消除角落区域气流分离和改善扩压壁面流动以达到提高扩压器压力恢复系数,减小出口截面流场畸变和动态总压脉动的试验研究结果.文章分析了叶片式涡流发生器主要结构参数对扩压器性能的影响.     

中心分级燃烧室头部冷态流场特性实验研究

为了深入研究中心分级燃烧室的流场特性,采用PIV方法对其头部冷态流场开展了实验研究,重点分析了中心分级燃烧室头部流场的结构特征以及主燃级旋流数对头部流场的影响。实验结果表明：中心分级燃烧室头部典型流场结构形成一个较大的中心主回流区、较小的端部回流区及角回流区,主、预燃级气流的相互耦合过程分为独立射流、气流掺混和气流合并三个阶段。主燃级旋流数对头部流场结构影响较大,随主燃级旋流数增大,主、预燃级气流耦合作用减弱,回流区分布形态发生较大变化,新的流场结构特征为中心主回流区范围明显收缩,端部回流区向下游延伸,在主、预燃级之间剪切层形成较长回流区。针对该中心分级燃烧室头部,主、预燃级气流由耦合流动变为解耦流动的临界主燃级旋流数为0.8~1.0。     

涡轮叶片径向槽轴向长度对超紧凑燃烧室

为探究涡轮叶片径向槽轴向长度对超紧凑燃烧室性能的影响,对3种不同轴向长度的径向槽分别在2种当量比条件下,用FLUENT软件对超紧凑燃烧室内流动及燃烧进行了数值模拟。结果表明：随着径向槽轴向长度的减小,燃烧环内未完全燃烧的微小燃油颗粒和燃气沿着槽的径向迁移量也减少,从而使燃油颗粒和燃油蒸气在燃烧环内的驻留时间增加;当叶片径向槽的轴向长度与燃烧环轴向长度之比等于0.75且燃烧环当量比为0.81时,燃烧室的燃烧性能较好。这对超紧凑燃烧室的优化设计有重要的参考价值。     

A new vortex sheet model for simulating aircraft wake vortex evolution

A new vortex sheet model was proposed for simulating aircraft wake vortex evolution.Rather than beginning with a pair of counter-rotating cylindrical vortices as in the traditional models,a lift-drag method is used to initialize a vortex sheet so that the roll-up phase is taken into account.The results of this model report a better approximation to a real situation when compared to the measurement data.The roll-up induced structures are proved to influence the far-field decay.On one hand,they lead to an early decay in the diffusion phase.On the other hand,the growth of linear instability such as elliptical instability is suppressed,resulting in a slower decay in the rapid decay phase.This work provides a simple and practicable model for simulating wake vortex evolu tion,which combines the roll-up process and the far-field phase in simulation.It is also proved that the roll-up phase should not be ignored when simulating the far-field evolution of an aircraft wake vortex pair,which indicates the necessity of this new model.     

Experimental investigation of flow and distortion mitigation by mechanical vortex generators in a coupled serpentine inlet-turbofan engine system

The performance of compact, aggressive ducts in advanced propulsion systems is limited by the internal flow separation coupled with the formation of secondary counter-rotating vortices that give rise to intensive flow distortions at the duct exit. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the flow field and passive suppression of flow separation and Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP) distortion in a serpentine air inlet duct. Tests were performed by a turbofan engine at several Engine Operating Points (EOPs) from 56% (idle) to 100% (max). A large total pressure deficit region arose at the upper part of the AIP, which was associated with the upper surface flow separation. Using the new mechanical S-type vortex generators in two longitudinal positions (VG1 and VG2), separation and loss were diminished at the upper part of the duct and AIP. The VG2 arrangement attained the maximum reductions in distortion coefficients which were 73.72%, 60.7% and 37.8% in DC(90°), DC(60°) and ΔP_C/P metrics, respectively. In the next step of the study, some unsteady aspects of the flow field were analyzed inside the duct. The separation onset and reattachment points were determined by the standard deviation of static pressure on the upper surface. The AIP spectral distribution showed that the boundary of low pressure and high pressure recovery regions was dominated by the maximum fluctuations. Furthermore, the PSD diagram of several probes at AIP revealed the vortex shedding frequency and its higher harmonics at separation region. The energy content of distinct unsteady spectral features in the bare configuration was significantly reduced using VGs, which showed the improvement of flow at the duct exit.     

合成气旋流预混燃烧的大涡模拟

如何高效洁净地燃烧合成气是整体煤气化联合循环(IGcc)系统中面临的主要问题.利用旋流贫燃预混燃烧可以达到强化传热传质,提高燃烧反应效率,降低NOx等目的,但由于合成气中所含有的H2成分,同样面临燃烧不稳定问题.为了对合成气旋流预混燃烧室的燃烧不稳定性及污染物排放提供理论和数值上的指导,采用大涡模拟方法,对典型的旋流预混燃烧室中的合成气燃烧进行了模拟.结果显示,随着H2含量的增加,火焰缩短向上游发展,燃烧室下游涡破碎更加集中.较高的入口雷诺数,加剧了涡团破碎的程度和速度,同时影响中心回流区和几何回流区的大小及分布.随着当量比的减小,火焰褶皱程度加大,燃烧趋向不稳定.增大压力火焰长度会明显缩短,NOx排放量也会随之增大,但NOx的反应速率只有在较低压力下才会对压力变化比较敏感.