飞行器阵风响应的CFD-6DOF仿真分析

飞行器在大气中飞行,不可避免地受到阵风的影响。阵风所附加的气动载荷引发飞行器飞行状态的改变,过大幅值的阵风影响飞行的性能与安全。针对这种状况,首先采用改进的Lamb-Ossen涡模型,建立尾涡形式的阵风场;然后采用基于CFD技术的非定常N-S方程求解,并在计算网格中引入"网格速度"来模拟阵风,对SWIM(Subsonic Wall Interference Model)尾涡中的定常气动特性进行验证;最后通过CFD-6DOF的耦合,对SWIM俯冲穿越尾涡场的飞行轨迹进行研究。结果表明:计算结果与实验值符合较好;SWIM在尾涡中飞行时出现抖动、下沉、改变飞行状态、剧烈翻转的现象,与实际飞行器进入尾涡中的轨迹特性类似。     

磁粉探伤中的涡流效应

首先计算棒材通交流电磁化时其中的涡流及磁场分布，由微机绘制相应的分布曲线，最后讨论因涡流效应对磁化的影响并得出了一些有关结论。     

过山气流的一种工程模拟方法

给出了一种过山气流的流体力学工程化模型。它根据过山气流的流动特点，按照绕圆柱流动理论，计入地面摩擦影响，同时用叠加背风涡的方法，     

Inner radiation belt source of helium and heavy hydrogen isotopes

Nuclear interactions between inner zone protons and atoms in the upper atmosphere provide the main source of energetic H and He isotopes nuclei in the radiation belt. This paper reports on the specified calculations of these isotope intensities using various inner zone proton intensity models (AP-8 and SAMPEX/PET PSB97), the atmosphere drift-averaged composition and density model MSIS-90, and cross-sections of the interaction processes from the GNASH nuclear model code. To calculate drift-averaged densities and energy losses of secondaries, the particles were tracked in the geomagnetic field (modelled through IGRF-95) by integrating numerically the equation of the motion. The calculations take into account the kinematics of nuclear interactions along the whole trajectory of trapped proton. The comparison with new data obtained from the experiments on board RESURS-04 and MITA satellites and with data from SAMPEX and CRRES satellites taken during different phases of solar activity shows that the upper atmosphere is a sufficient source for inner zone helium and heavy hydrogen isotopes. The calculation results are energy spectra and angular distributions of light nuclear isotopes in the inner radiation belt that may be used to develop helium inner radiation belt model and to evaluate their contribution to SEU (single event upset) rates.     

Experimental investigations on the power extraction of a turbine driven by a pulse detonation combustor

In order to grasp the interaction mechanism between the pulse detonation combustor（PDC）and the turbine,the experimental work in this paper investigates the key factors on the power extraction of a turbocharger turbine driven by a PDC.A PDC consisting of an unvalved tube is integrated with a turbocharger turbine which has a nominal mass flow rate of 0.6 kg/s and50000 r/min.The PDC-turbine hybrid engine is operated on gasoline-air mixtures and runs for6＋min to achieve a thermal steady state,and then the engine performance is evaluated under different operating conditions.Results show that the momentum difference per unit area between the turbine inlet and outlet plays an important role in the power extraction,while the pressure peak of the detonation has little effect.The equivalence ratio of fuel and air mixture and the transition structure between PDC and turbine are also important to the power extraction of the turbine.The present work is promising as it suggests that the performance beneft of a PDC-turbine hybrid engine can be realized by increasing the momentum difference per unit area through the optimal design of transition section between the PDC and turbine.     

Influence of thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations

Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly.     

一种采用径向串联方式的组合旋涡泵设计方法

给出了一种采用径向串联方式的两级组合旋涡泵设计方法.该方法首先使用经验系数法对旋涡泵的结构参数进行初步设计,然后采用Hex/Wedge网格单元划分Proe所建立的旋涡泵三维模型的网格;进而通过CFD数值模拟反复迭代优化得出旋涡泵的最终结构参数;最后对组合旋涡泵内流场进行了仿真分析并与试验数据进行了对比分析.对比分析表明在设计点仿真数据与试验数据的相对误差不超过2％,所设计的两级组合旋涡泵达到了预期性能指标.表明该设计方法是可行、有效的.     

涡流发生器控制喷水推进器进水管流动分离的数值研究

为抑制某型喷水推进平入口进水管低进速比下管内流动分离,提升喷射泵来流的品质,应用涡流发生器（VG）流动控制技术,在进水管内部以及入口前的船底加装涡流发生器。采用雷诺时均模型和SST-kω湍流模型数值模拟进水管内流场,从流动分离、涡系分布和整体性能等方面分析了不同位置VG对进水管流场特性的影响,揭示了VG抑制进水管流动分离的控制机理。结果表明,VG产生流向涡驱动主流与斜坡侧边界层低能流体进行动量交换,增加边界层内的流向动量,从而抑制进水管斜坡侧的流动分离。流向涡在分离区内会发生方向偏移导致进水管内流场不对称。VG在进水管内产生的流向涡强度以及自身附加损失都会影响其控制效果。通过优选VG安装位置,进水管出口的不均匀度系数从0.406下降至0.318,旋流度从3.23°下降至2.14°,出口总压畸变减小,整体效率得到有效提升。     

船用低排放塔式分级燃烧室主燃级喷嘴结构优化研究

为了满足船舶燃气轮机污染物排放的需求,设计了一种低排放塔式分级燃烧室,并对其主燃级喷嘴进行结构优化,利用数值模拟方法详细研究了不同喷嘴结构下燃烧室的流场特性及性能参数。结果表明,主燃级由直射式喷嘴更换为空气雾化喷嘴时,可有效避免旋流器壁面燃油积碳;燃烧室内油气掺混水平提高,出口温度分布品质改善,出口NO和CO排放量分别降低71.4%和60%。针对空气雾化喷嘴,燃油管道出口与喷嘴出口之间的高度与其内径之比（H/D）对燃烧室油气分布特性和中截面温度分布的影响远高于其空气出口结构形式,H/D过大或过小时,油气掺混水平恶化,污染物排放量增加。燃烧室出口径向温度分布系数随H/D的增大而减小。综合分析燃烧室油气分布、温度分布和性能参数,确定最优喷嘴的H/D=2,空气出口结构为圆柱型。     

高效节能风扇的气动设计

阐述了高效风扇叶片的设计原理、步骤，分析了风扇噪音产生的原因及降低噪音的措施。