端壁附面层抽吸对大转角扩压叶栅旋涡影响的实验研究

为探明附面层抽吸技术对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响及其与栅内旋涡结构的关联,通过十个横截面的实验测量结果研究了高负荷压气机叶栅抽吸端壁附面层前后的主要旋涡结构以其对应损失的演变过程。研究对象为矩形低速扩压叶栅,来流马赫数约为0.23。研究结果表明,端壁附面层的变化对叶栅端区的主要旋涡发展过程影响显著。在原型方案中,壁面涡、尾缘脱落涡的演变过程对应着较高的流动损失,通道涡自身产生的损失较小,主要起到向远离端壁的方向输运低能流体的作用;在流向槽吸气方案中,壁面涡和尾缘脱落涡因端壁附面层径向迁移及角区分离受到抑制而被明显削弱;而来流附面层抽吸方案则最为有效地控制了通道涡的演变过程。      

污染效应对超声速燃烧室贫油熄火极限影响实验研究(流场诊断特别专栏)

针对污染效应对超声速燃烧室熄火性能影响问题,采用甲烷燃烧和电阻加热的燃烧室直连式对比实验方法,开展了污染效应对燃烧室贫油熄火极限影响研究。基于超声速燃烧室实验模型,研究了煤油喷嘴结构对贫油熄火极限的影响;采用高速摄像仪和平面激光诱导荧光技术（PLIF）,研究了加热方式对贫油熄火极限的影响,获得了光学测量结果和壁面压力分布,给出了纯净来流和污染来流条件下的燃烧室贫油熄火极限。研究表明：采用甲烷燃烧加热的燃烧室贫油熄火极限对应的当量比高于电阻加热的,分别为0.135和0.105;不同加热方式来流条件下,超声速燃烧室在燃烧不同阶段的稳定模式均为凹槽火焰稳定模式,火焰基底会呈现一定程度的脉动,但稳定在凹槽剪切层内。     

连续旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅相互作用数值研究

为了研究旋转爆震燃烧与涡轮部件组合的工作特性,对旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,考虑了不同传播方向的影响,详细分析了爆震波与涡轮叶栅相互作用机理。结果表明,爆震波顺着叶盆方向传播时,在叶栅的叶盆处出现高温区,逆向传播时,同时在叶盆和叶背处都出现高温区;并且顺向传播时产生的反射波强度更大。分析了涡轮进出口压力和温度的变化过程,发现涡轮对压力的波动有一定抑制作用,顺向和逆向传播的爆震波经过涡轮叶栅后压力变化幅值分别下降了68%和57%。得到了对于当前叶栅构型,顺向传播的爆震波总压损失为11.03%,而逆向传播的爆震波总压损失为6.7%。     

陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件应用及热分析研究进展

陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)具有密度低、耐高温的优异特性而被视为新一代航空发动机的战略热结构材料,其制备工艺、性能设计及其在燃烧室和涡轮等热端部件的应用已成为现阶段航空发动机研究领域的热点.然而,由于编织特征导致的各向异性特性,给CMC在热端部件的应用和加工带来巨大挑战.本文总结了有关陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件上的...     

A model for predicting the radiation exposure for mission planning aboard the international space station

The International Space Station Cosmic Radiation Exposure Model (ISSCREM) has been developed as a possible tool for use in radiation mission planning as based on operational data collected with a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) aboard the ISS since 2000. It is able to reproduce the observed trapped radiation and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) contributions to the total dose equivalent to within ±20% and ±10%, respectively, as would be measured by the onboard TEPC at the Zvezda Service Module panel 327 (SM-327). Furthermore, when these contributions are combined, the total dose equivalent that would be measured at this location is estimated to within ±10%. The models incorporated into ISSCREM correlate the GCR dose equivalent rate to the cutoff rigidity magnetic shielding parameter and the trapped radiation dose equivalent rate to atmospheric density inside the South Atlantic Anomaly. The GCR dose equivalent rate is found to vary minimally with altitude and TEPC module location however, due to the statistics and data available, the trapped radiation model could only be developed for the TEPC located at SM-327. Evidence of the variation in trapped radiation dose with detector orientation and the East–West asymmetry were observed at this location.     

燃烧室分配器式扩压器性能数值研究

高性能航空发动机燃烧室进口马赫数的不断提高会导致扩压器总压损失急剧增加,设计了一种新型的燃烧室扩压装置—分配器式扩压器,采用CFD方法对其进行了数值模拟,重点研究了分配器式扩压器的总压损失,结果表明,数值模拟结果与理论分析相吻合,并且在Ma高达0.36时,设计的分配器式扩压器矩形结构的总压损失为4.79%,小于短突扩扩压器的总压损失,可以满足高性能发动机对燃烧室扩压器性能的要求。     

气氧/甲烷涡流冷壁燃烧室流场与壁面耦合传热分析

针对涡流燃烧室的试验模型,耦合计算了其中的燃烧、流动和传热过程。湍流模型采用RNG k-ε两方程模型,辐射传热采用P1辐射模型,化学反应采用有限速率模型。数值模拟了涡流燃烧室在20s内的传热过程,得到了燃烧室和喷管的壁面温度分布随时间的变化。燃烧室侧壁面和头部温度在4秒内就达到较稳定状态,在涡流保护下侧壁面最高温度在650K左右,头部最高温度在785K左右。对于热沉喷管,壁面温度随时间基本呈缓慢线性上升,在一定的时间内可以满足实验要求。     

驻涡燃烧室凹腔温度变化规律及气量分配

通过对单双涡燃烧室进行热态试验研究,研究余气系数、进口气流参数对凹腔壁温分布的影响,并通过三维数值模拟对燃烧室及凹腔气流量进行计算,得到壁温分布规律,为燃烧室材料选择以及气量分配的后续优化做好铺垫.试验结果表明,单涡试验件的最高壁温出现在凹腔后壁面;燃烧室余气系数变化改变了双涡试验件最高壁温的位置;数值模拟结果比较准确的得到了驻涡燃烧室的气流量分布.     

Individual influence of pitching and plunging motions on flow structures over an airfoil during dynamic stall

The individual influence of pitching and plunging motions on flow structures is studied experimentally by changing the phase lag between the geometrical angle of attack and the plunging angle of attack. Five phase lags are chosen as the experimental parameters, while the Strouhal number, the reduced frequency and the Reynolds number are fixed. During the motion of the airfoil, the leading edge vortex, the reattached vortex and the secondary vortex are observed in the flow field. The leading edge vortex is found to be the main flow structure through the proper orthogonal decomposition. The increase of phase lag results in the increase of the leading edge velocity, which strongly influences the leading edge shear layer and the leading edge vortex. The plunging motion contributes to the development of the leading edge shear layer, while the pitching motion is the key reason for instability of the leading edge shear layer. It is also found that a certain increase of phase lag, around 34.15° in this research, can increase the airfoil lift.     

Effects of coarse riblets on air flow structures over a slender delta wing using particle image velocimetry

This research investigates the aerodynamic performance and flow characteristics of a delta wing with 65° sweep angle and with coarse axial riblets,and then compares with that of a smooth-surface delta wing.Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)were utilized to visualize the flow over the wing at 6 cross-sections upright to the wing surface and parallel to the wing span,as well as 3 longitudinal sections on the leading edge,symmetry plane,and a plane between them at Angles of Attack(AOA)=20°and 30°and Re=1.2×10~5,2.4×10~5,and 3.6×10~5.The effects of the riblets were studied on the vortices diameter,vortex breakdown location,vortices distance from the wing surface,flow lines pattern nearby the wing,circulation distribution,and separation.The results show that the textured model has a positive effect on some of the parameters related to drag reduction and lift increase.The riblets increase the flow momentum near the wing’s upper surface except near the apex.They also increase the flow momentum behind the wing.