最大Lyapunov指数用于压气机局部性能的分析

对压气机叶尖、叶根失速类型的判断有利于在设计中增加控制措施以扩大压气机稳定工作范围。压气机内部流动为复杂的非线性系统,利用非线性时间序列分析中的最大Lyapunov指数方法,分别对单级和15级低速轴流压气机稳定工作状态下不同叶高处的动态总压试验数据进行分析,发现最大Lyapunov指数较大的区域容易失速,得到了此压气机叶尖与叶根进入失速的先后顺序,与失速过程的动态总压信号利用低通滤波方法进行失速类型判断得到的结论相一致。     

压气机叶片前缘形状的改进设计

本文使用数值模拟方法研究了压气机叶片前缘形状对叶片气动性能的影响。来流环绕圆弧形前缘表面发生过度膨胀形成吸力峰; 当来流湍流度和雷诺数较低时, 会导致前缘层流分离。虽然椭圆形前缘可以减弱吸力峰, 提高叶片气动性能, 但是椭圆形前缘加工困难, 费用较高, 有鉴于此, 本文设计了易于加工的新型前缘形状—带平台的圆弧形前缘, 它可以明显减弱吸力峰, 达到与椭圆形前缘 (a/b=2)相近的改善叶片气动性能的效果。      

带分流叶片离心压气机工作轮气动优化设计

将三维Navier—Stokes方程流场计算、网格自动生成、叶轮几何参数化与数值最优化方法相结合,构成了离心压气机工作轮自动优化设计软件。在几何参数化过程中,将叶片型面和子午面流道均作为设计参数,实现了组合优化。设定目标函数时兼顾非设计点性能,实现了在设计转速下整个流量范围内的气动性能优化。采用所研制软件,对带一排分流叶片的离心压气机工作轮进行了优化设计,结果表明优化后的工作轮在压比变化很小的前提下效率有明显提高。     

S型收缩流道对涡轮通流能力影响的研究

为进一步提高航空发动机涡轮通流能力，以小型跨声速涡轮为原型，研究了静子S型收缩流道对涡轮通流能力的影响。将S型流道直线段长度和收缩段内外圆半径比作为流道造型参数，分别针对原型涡轮静子内外端壁进行调整造型，得到一系列不同参数组合的S型内外端壁涡轮算例。保持膨胀比为设计值不变，利用CFD软件对原型和S型流道涡轮进行设计点模拟分析。结果表明，S型流道涡轮流量提升的原理在于增大的静子喉道面积。在相同造型参数下，S型外端壁涡轮的静子叶根损失被有效降低，流量提升明显，且流量高于S型内端壁涡轮1%左右，但由于最大外径增大使其质量通量提升效果减弱；与之相反，S型内端壁涡轮的质量通量提升明显，且高于S型外端壁涡轮3%左右。从提升涡轮质量通量并保证效率不低于原型的角度看，S型外端壁造型参数选取范围更广。     

Integrated passage design based on extended free-form deformation and adjoint optimization

Inspired by the three-dimensional design of flow passages in turbomachinery, this study proposes the concept of integrated passage design. The capability of adjoint method for efficient optimization and the flexibility of the parameterization method based on extended free-form deformation have been considered to develop a feasible approach to design an integrated passage. This concept was applied to redesign a typical transonic fan, Rotor 67, and the results were analyzed by CFX. It is shown that the passage was adequately adjusted in all three dimensions and reduced the strength of shock wave and wake-induced flow. In particular, the secondary flow was appropriately reorganized and the corner separation was well controlled in the end wall region, leading to significant improvements in adiabatic efficiency and diffusion.     

Numerical optimization of transonic natural laminar flow nacelles

Natural laminar flow nacelle is a promising technology for drag reduction. In this paper,an optimization platform is established for the design of transonic axisymmetric and threedimensional natural laminar flow nacelles for large civil aircraft. The platform adopts the class/shape transformation method for geometric parameterization, a four-equation transition model for transition prediction, and the differential evolution algorithm combined with the radial basis function surrogate model as the...     

进、排气壳对全流道大膨胀比涡轮性能影响研究

进、排气系统对涡轮级的性能影响鲜有研究,本文针对增压器涡轮,采用数值方法对全流道大膨胀比跨声速涡轮与进、排气壳进行耦合计算,探索进、排气壳耦合对涡轮级的性能参数影响,结果显示进气壳主要影响静叶10%叶高与50%叶高前缘来流气流角周向分布,静叶排会减弱进气壳带来的参数周向不均匀性,排气壳主要影响动叶尾缘0°与180°周向位置总压与静压分布,进、排气壳耦合涡轮级总静效率比均匀边界涡轮级下降0.25%。     

径向非均匀进气喷湿对跨声速压气机气动性能影响研究

针对湿压缩技术的应用，为了深入认识径向非均匀进气喷湿对压气机气动性能的影响，以某跨声速压气机级为研究对象，采用CFD技术结合欧拉-拉格朗日法对径向非均匀进气喷湿条件下压气机气液两相流场进行数值模拟，对比研究了叶顶、叶中和叶根局部喷湿三种不同径向位置喷湿条件对压气机气动性能及失稳边界的影响规律，并通过喷湿前后流动径向匹配规律及流动结构的变化解释了影响机理。结果表明：叶顶喷湿相比叶中和叶跟喷湿是更好的喷湿方案，叶顶喷湿时压气机压比和效率升高程度更大，且稳定裕度降低程度更低；当液滴粒径小于50μm，喷射速度大于20m/s时，离心力对液滴径向迁移的影响可以忽略不计，液滴在经过压气机级流道过程中几乎不发生径向迁移，蒸发冷却效应只发生于喷湿的局部叶高范围；由于径向非均匀进气喷湿时压气机内部质量流量会向喷湿的局部叶高范围聚集，导致喷湿的主要影响——即轴向速度的降低和轮缘功的升高在喷湿的局部范围程度较弱，而在没有喷湿的局部叶高范围程度较强。     

Multi-scale nature of non-blade-order propagating flow disturbances in axial compressors

Non-blade-order flow disturbances, also referred to as pre-stall disturbances or tip flow unsteadiness, are closely related with compressor instabilities. The present work provides a comprehensive investigation on multi-scale nature of non-blade-order disturbances and the underlying flow physics in axial compressors. By applying full-annulus Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations, along with space–time correlation and spatial Fourier decomposition, to the disturbed pressure, the propagating feature of the non-blade-order disturbances is obtained. Further, a bridge between non-blade-order disturbances and the evolution of unsteady vortex has been set up. The results show that non-blade-order disturbances, featured as short-length-scale (35 modes across annulus), first appear as the occurrence of tip leakage vortex fluctuation, while the compressor still operates far from stall. Leading-edge radial vortex appears at near stall condition, and its movement induces a circumferential propagating disturbance overlaying on the one induced by oscillating tip leakage vortex. The interaction of the short-scale disturbances with a low-amplitude long-scale (of circumference) disturbance is observed, which results in disturbances with multiple scales of consecutive spatial modes, along with multiple frequency peaks in spectra. The compressor falls into stall as the circumferential nonuniform scattering of the leading-edge vortexes occurs. The densely- and sparsely-scattered leading-edge radial vortexes induce a high-amplitude long-scale (of circumference) disturbance, i.e. stall disturbance.     

跨声速压气机叶片掠和机匣处理组合效应的机理研究

针对典型跨声速压气机转子，采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了叶片掠设计和机匣处理的组合作用对压气机转子性能的综合影响。分别探讨了转子前掠、后掠和掠叶片与机匣处理组合等形式对转子峰值效率和稳定工作裕度的影响效果和内在机制。研究发现，前掠转子与机匣处理组合能够以较小的效率损失（-0.56%）为代价获得最佳的扩稳效果；在前掠转子与机匣处理组合作用下，对间隙泄漏流的动量激励和叶顶低能堵塞流体的有效消除是组合机匣处理扩稳的本质原因。结果表明，采取前掠转子和机匣处理的组合形式，可以弥补前掠转子设计损失转子最大负荷的不足，同时以较少的效率损失代价充分发挥了机匣处理的扩稳潜力。