基于普适变量法的火星探测器轨道初步设计及仿真

对基于普适变量的火星探测器轨道初步设计进行了研究。设计了地火转移轨道段、地球逃逸轨道段,以及基于B平面法的中途修正方法。绘制了2013年火星探测发射和到达能量等高图,将得到地火转移轨道的初始参数输入STK软件获得了空间真实摄动环境中的火星探测轨道。     

基于改进伪谱反馈控制的远程变轨闭环制导

利用最优反馈控制和轨迹快速重构技术,设计一种有限推力空间远程变轨自适应闭环制导方法。首先给出了最优反馈控制的求解原理和必要条件。将空间变轨动力学模型特点和伪谱法相结合,设计基于状态量缩减的计算效率改进策略以提高轨迹优化的实时性。基于改进伪谱法进行逐次轨迹快速重构,利用开环最优解形成闭环反馈,从而保证制导指令的实时更新,并通过引入控制逻辑改进制导算法。远程交会仿真表明,该闭环制导方法在保证任务指标具有一定最优性的同时,可以有效抑制多种参数不确定性和外界干扰的影响,具有较高的制导精度、自适应性和鲁棒性。     

A study of morphing aircraft on morphing rules along trajectory

Morphing aircraft can meet requirements of multi-mission during the whole flight due to changing the aerodynamic shape, so it is necessary to study its morphing rules along the trajectory. However, trajectory planning considering morphing variables requires a huge number of expensive CFD computations due to the morphing in view of aerodynamic performance. Under the given missions and trajectory, to alleviate computational cost and improve trajectory-planning efficiency for morphing aircraft, an offline optimization method is proposed based on Multi-Fidelity Kriging (MFK) modeling. The angle of attack, Mach number, sweep angle and axial position of the morphing wing are defined as variables for generating training data for building the MFK models, in which many inviscid aerodynamic solutions are used as low-fidelity data, while the less high-fidelity data are obtained by solving viscous flow. Then the built MFK models of the lift, drag and pressure centre at the different angles of attack and Mach numbers are used to predict the aerodynamic performance of the morphing aircraft, which keeps the optimal sweep angle and axial position of the wing during trajectory planning. Hence, the morphing rules can be correspondingly acquired along the trajectory, as well as keep the aircraft with the best aerodynamic performance during the whole task. The trajectory planning of a morphing aircraft was performed with the optimal aerodynamic performance based on the MFK models, built by only using 240 low-fidelity data and 110 high-fidelity data. The results indicate that a complex trajectory can take advantage of morphing rules in keeping good aerodynamic performance, and the proposed method is more efficient than trajectory optimization by reducing 86% of the computing time.     

Flight trajectory optimization of sun-tracking solar aircraft under the constraint of mission region

The optimal yawing angle of sun-tracking solar aircraft is tightly related to the solar azimuth angle, which results in a large arc flight path to dynamically track the sun position. However, the limited detection range of payload usually requires solar aircraft to loiter over areas of interest for persistent surveillance missions. The large arc sun-tracking flight may cause the target area on the ground to be outside the maximum coverage area of payload. The present study therefore develops an optimal flight control approach for planning the flight path of sun-tracking solar aircraft within a mission region. The proposed method enables sun-tracking solar aircraft to maintain the optimal yawing angle most of the time during daylight flight, except when the aircraft reverses its direction by turning flight. For a circular region with a mission radius of 50 km, the optimal flight trajectory and controls of an example Λ-shaped sun-tracking solar aircraft are investigated theoretically. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to optimize the flight path of the sun-tracking aircraft under the given circular region while maximizing the battery input power. Furthermore, the effects of varying the mission radius on energy performance are explored numerically. It has been proved that both net energy and energy balance remain nearly constant as the radius constraint varies, which enables the solar aircraft to achieve perpetual flight at almost the same latitude as the large arc flight. The method and results presented in this paper can provide reference for the persistent operation of sun-tracking solar aircraft within specific mission areas.     

高超声速滑翔飞行器引入段弹道优化

高超声速飞行器弹道优化设计的目的足得到高超声速飞行的控制指令，从而得到方案弹道，针对其数学模型，寻找一个作为输入的攻角规律使得弹道最优。我们将此弹道问题转化成最优控制问题，通过极大值原理得到最优弹道的一阶必要条件。我们采用遗传算法求解了此两点边值问题。首先从次优化弹道得到攻角的变化规律，然后由从次优化弹道估计出的攻角范围推导出初始伴随变量的变化范围，再用遗传算法在此范崮内优化初始伴随变量得到了伞局最优弹道和相应的初始伴随变量。通过一个实例求得了满足热流约束的最大终端速度弹道，通过比较可知优于次优化弹道，从数值计算例子还可以看到遗传算法是求解两点边值问题的一种比较好的方法。     

基于模糊干扰观测器的空天飞行器轨迹线性化控制

针对一类多输人多输出非线性不确定系统，提出了基于模糊干扰观测器（FDO）的轨迹线性化控制（TLC）方法并应用于空天飞行器（ASV）飞行控制系统设计。利用模糊系统具有以任意精度逼近非线性函数的能力设计FDO对未知干扰和不确定进行估计，并通过鲁棒控制项来提高系统的性能。采用Lyapunov方法本文证明了闭环系统跟踪误差和干扰观测误差一致最终有界。最后利用所提出的控制方案设计了ASV飞行控制系统，仿真结果表明了控制方案的有效性和鲁棒性。     

导弹飞行试验多站测量定轨的自适应滤波方法

运用自适应滤波方法研究导弹飞行试验多站测量定轨问题。充分考虑导弹飞行的动力学模型所提供的信息，对加速度随机干扰的统计特性以及测量设备的系统误差进行自适应补偿，从而获得高精度的弹道估计。计算结果表明，这种飞行状态估计与测量设备系统误差估计交互进行、互相补偿的方法，在数据处理过程中效果是明显的。     

雷达对再入机动目标跟踪算法研究

采用广义Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波方法，通过在北天东雷达直角坐标系内建立相应的再入目标状态及雷达观测方程，再入目标的机动特性用一阶高斯马尔科夫过程描述，并增广到状态方程组之中，根据获得的带有测量误差的雷达测量信息对再入机动目标弹道进行估计，得到了满意的结果。     

基于Gauss伪谱方法的高超声速飞行器再入轨迹快速优化

基于一种求解最优控制问题的新方法—Gauss伪谱法(Gauss Pseudospectral Method\|GPM) ,研究了高超声速飞行器滑翔式再入的快速轨迹优化问题。针对远程多约束条件下滑翔式再 入轨迹优化问题的难点,提出了基于GPM的串行分段优化策略,包括三个方面：(1) 构造了 设计变量初值生成器,获得近似最优解作为优化初值;(2) 提出从可行解到 最优解的串行优化策略;(3) 引入平衡滑翔条件构造动态分段点,将再入轨迹分为初始下降 段和滑翔段分别求解。以某高超声速再入飞行器为对象进行轨迹优化计算,仿真结果验证了 本文的轨迹优化方法具有较高的精度和计算效率。
     

基于高斯伪谱方法的再入飞行器预测校正制导方法研究

为了提高再入制导的适应性和鲁棒性,提出了一种最优预测校正制导方法.根据伪谱方法将再入动力学微分方程约束转换为代数方程约束,将制导问题转换为不需要积分弹道的最优规划问题,利用Gauss伪谱法收敛速度快、精度高的特点,设计了航路点间分段优化的伪谱自适应鲁棒再入制导律,对制导律的特性进行了分析.数值仿真表明,这种再入制导律对于再入点误差不敏感,具有良好的鲁棒性,仿真表明校正时间很短,具有应用于在线制导的潜力.