无压浸渗SiCp/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能研究

采用无压浸渗法制备了不同SiC颗粒体积分数以及不同SiC颗粒粒度的Al基复合材料.以硬质合金(80%WC 20%Co)为对摩试样进行了干摩擦试验,研究了颗粒体积分数(15%,25%,35%,45%,55%)、颗粒粒度(110μm,63μm,45μm)以及载荷(196N,392N)对SiCp/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能的影响.采用SEM和EDS分析了铝合金基体、复合材料的磨损表面及磨损机理.研究结果表明,颗粒体积分数在15%～35%之间时,复合材料的耐磨性明显优于铝合金基体.载荷为196N时,铝合金的磨损率是15%,25%,35%SiCp(110μm)/Al复合材料的2.16,2.76,2.07倍.SiCp/Al复合材料的磨损率随着颗粒粒度的增加、载荷的减小而降低.SiC颗粒的体积分数对铝基复合材料的磨损率和磨损机制有显著影响:SiC颗粒体积分数存在一个最佳值(25%),此时复合材料的磨损率最小,耐磨性能最好.当体积分数小于25%时,复合材料磨损率随着体积分数的增加而下降,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而当体积分数大于25%时,复合材料磨损率随着体积分数的增加而上升,磨损机制以表层剥落磨损为主,同时伴有磨粒磨损.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件摩擦力矩特性研究

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件是空间飞行器姿态控制系统的核心部件,其轴承的性能直接影响着空间飞行器姿态控制系统的控制精度和使用寿命,甚至危及空间飞行器安全.对于控制力矩陀螺轴承组件,轴承摩擦力矩大小及其波动性是轴承的关键性能指标,针对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺轴承组件,在滚动轴承摩擦学和动力学基础上,建立六自由度控制力矩陀螺轴承组件非线性动力学微分方程组,并采用预估 校正的GSTIFF(Gear stiff)变步长积分算法进行求解,对其在有/无重力的工作环境、公 自转工况、轴承预紧力以及保持架兜孔间隙对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及其波动性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明：预紧力对轴承组件摩擦力矩影响显著,预紧力过大或过小都不利于降低摩擦力矩及其波动性,对于本文分析的轴承组件最佳预紧力为50~55N;保持架稳定性受重力影响显著,无重力时自转工况下保持架较稳定;过小的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩增大,过大的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩波动性增大,存在最优兜孔间隙使得摩擦力矩及其波动性都较小,针对本文分析型号的轴承组件,间隙比应控制在0.6~0.8之间.     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

装配间隙对顶盖环缝搅拌摩擦焊焊接质量的影响

结合超声波相控阵、金相观察、力学试验分析技术,研究了由于铣切角度不同产生的装配间隙对顶盖环缝搅拌摩擦焊焊缝质量及力学性能的影响。结果显示当铣切角差异带来的装配间隙大于1.30 mm时,焊缝中存在孔洞型体积缺陷,装配间隙越大,缺陷越严重;装配间隙的存在会使得焊缝的致密程度降低,焊缝的延伸率下降,并且在装配间隙大于1.30 mm时,焊缝的抗拉强度会发生大幅度地下降。     

防风网对煤堆遮风效果的风洞实验研究

为了考察防风网对堆场煤堆的遮风效果,进行了防风网与煤堆之间区域的流场可视化实验。使用风洞模拟大气边界层条件,并将开孔率为38.5%的防风网模型布置在煤堆模型前方。实验中采用粒子成像测速(PIV)系统测量了防风网和堆场区域的平均风速分布,并且获得了煤堆表面的摩擦风速分布,进一步估算煤堆起尘量的变化情况。实验发现,防风网可有效降低煤堆表面迎风区域的摩擦风速,而对背风面的流场分布影响较小。研究结果可为防风网的遮护作用提供一定的实验支持。     

铝合金燃油-液体热交换器制造技术

分析了燃油———液体热交换器的结构特点及翅片成形和芯体焊接难点,重点介绍了翅片成形和芯体盐浴钎焊工艺方法及获得的技术经济效果。     

平板湍流摩阻系数的显式表达式

 湍流摩阻系数的计算是工程技术中经常遇到的问题。计算时所依据的公式多为半经验半理论的结果,如Karman公式,Van Driest公式和Prandtl公式等。这些公式是以隐函数给出的,给计算带来不便。但是不难发现,这类公式经过适当的变换,可以化为统一形式的超越代数方程,这种方程没有有限形式的解析解,本文给出了一种近似解析解。根据这种方法除了导出上述公式的显式表达式外,还对White公式作了修正。当然解超越代数方程最根本的方法是迭代法,本文对此也作了简单讨论。     

平移速度的变化对搅拌焊接材料流动的影响

基于有限元方法对不同搅拌头平移速度下搅拌摩擦焊接过程中焊接构件Al6061-T6材料的三维流动问题进行分析,研究了搅拌头平移速度的变化对等效塑性应变的分布和材料流动的影响。结果表明,搅拌头前方的材料向上涌起,被旋推到搅拌头后方并开始向下运动,这一过程是促使搅拌摩擦焊接顺利完成的主要原因。材料的等效塑性应变等值线与不同焊接区域的边界具有较好的对应关系。随着搅拌头平移速度的增加,垂直于焊缝方向上的截面上,等效塑性应变减小,但是材料的流动速度会随之增加。较低的搅拌头平移速度有利于焊缝中心线两侧材料的融合。     

Semi-analytic Solution of Steady Temperature Fields During Thin Plate Welding

Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduced to solve the temperature field characterized by high gradients. The basic idea of the method is to semi-discretize the governing equation of the problem into a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method, by which the thermal boundary condition with high gradients are directly embodied in formulation. Thus the temperature field can be obtained by solving the ODEs. As a numerical example, the variation of an axisymmetrical temperature field along the plate thickness can be obtained.