脉冲超宽带通信与测距技术初步研究

相对于连续波窄带技术,脉冲超宽带技术在短距离通信及高精度测距方面具有一定优势.为了向未来航天应用提供新的技术支持,对脉冲超宽带通信及测距技术进行了初步研究.描述了系统的收发单元及天线单元,同时给出了各单元的测试结果.脉冲超宽带通信、测距实验表明,系统成功实现了短距离高速通信和高精度测距.在10 m范围内通信码速率为100 Mbit/s,定位精度为厘米量级.     

Deformation of the ionosphere structure during the space weather events on October–November 2003

We present the spatial maps of the ionosphere–plasmasphere slab thickness τ (ratio of the vertical total electron content, TEC, to the F-region peak electron density, NmF2) during the intense ionospheric storms of October–November 2003. The model-assisted technology for estimate of the upper boundary of the ionosphere, hup, from the slab thickness components in the bottomside and topside ionosphere – eliminating the plasmasphere contribution of τ – is applied at latitudes 35° to 70°N and longitudes −10° to 40°E, from the data of 20 observatories of GPS-TEC and ionosonde networks, for selected days and hours of October and November 2003. The daily–hourly values of NmF2, hmF2 and TECgps are used as the constrained parameters for the International Reference Ionosphere extended to the plasmasphere, IRI-Plas, during the ionospheric quiet days, positive and negative storm phases for estimate of τ and hup. Good correlation has been found between the slab thickness and the upper boundary of the ionosphere for the intense ionospheric storms at October–November 2003. During the negative phase of the ionospheric storm, when the ionospheric plasma density is exhausted, the nighttime upper boundary of the ionosphere is greatly uplifted towards the magnetosphere tail, while the daytime upper boundary of the ionosphere is reduced below 500 km over the Earth.     

Symmetry and asymmetry of ionospheric weather at magnetic conjugate points for two midlatitude observatories

Variations of the ionospheric weather W-index for two midlatitude observatories, namely, Grahamstown and Hermanus, and their conjugate counterpart locations in Africa are studied for a period from October 2010 to December 2011. The observatories are located in the longitude sector, which has consistent magnetic equator and geographic equator so that geomagnetic latitudes of the line of force are very close to the corresponding geographic latitudes providing opportunity to ignore the impact of the difference of the gravitational field and the geomagnetic field at the conjugate points on the ionosphere structure and dynamics. The ionosondes of Grahamstown and Hermanus provide data of the critical frequency (foF2), and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) provide the total electron content (TECgps) along the magnetic field line up to the conjugate point in the opposite hemisphere. The global model of the ionosphere, International Reference Ionosphere, extended to the plasmasphere altitude of 20,200 km (IRI-Plas) is used to deliver the F2 layer peak parameters from TECgps at the magnetic conjugate area. The evidence is obtained that the electron gas heated by day and cooled by night at the summer hemisphere as compared with the opposite features in the conjugate winter hemisphere testifies on a reversal of plasma fluxes along the magnetic field line by the solar terminator. The ionospheric weather W-index is derived from NmF2 (related with foF2) and TECgps data. It is found that symmetry of W-index behavior in the magnetic conjugate hemispheres is dominant for the equinoxes when plasma movement along the magnetic line of force is imposed on symmetrical background electron density and electron content. Asymmetry of the ionospheric storm effects is observed for solstices when the plasma diffuse down more slowly into the colder winter hemisphere than into the warmer summer hemisphere inducing either plasma increase (positive phase) or decrease (negative phase of W-index) in the ionospheric and plasmaspheric plasma density.     

内乘波式进气道与典型侧压式进气道的性能对比

采用流线追踪技术,基于一种有利于均匀性的基本流场,按内乘波式进气道设计方法生成了一个来流马赫数6.0且进出口形状均为矩形的内乘波式进气道。其设计马赫数、迎风面形状等因素均参照某典型侧压式进气道选取,以便与之对比。CFD计算结果给出了设计状态下该内乘波式进气道与某典型侧压式进气道的流量系数、总压恢复、动能效率等主要性能指标,发现该内乘波式进气道的各项性能参数均略优于侧压式进气道。在非设计马赫数、攻角、侧滑等非设计状态下类似的性能对比研究表明,该内乘波式进气道不仅在设计状态下可捕获98%的来流,而且在各非设计状态下也可捕获91%以上的来流,流量捕获性能优势明显。以上结果证实:实现三维压缩与激波贴口的内乘波式进气道是一种高性能的定几何进气道方案。     

尾缘喷气方式对涡轮叶栅气动性能的影响

以某涡轮叶栅为研究对象,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方式研究了涡轮叶片不同喷气结构对叶栅性能的影响。对半开缝和对开缝两种尾缘冷气喷射的研究表明:当冷气流量比较小时,有一个总压损失随冷气量增大先增加后减小的趋势:当冷气量较大时,冷气造成的总压损失随冷气增大而减小。在相同条件下,半开缝叶栅出口的总压损失系数小于对开缝叶栅出口的总压损失系数。叶栅出口平均气流角随着喷气比的增大呈减小的趋势,但变化范围很小。     

直连式脉冲燃烧风洞起动过程研究

直连式脉冲燃烧风洞的起动过程是一个非常复杂的瞬态过程,采用光电测量系统和数值方法对其进行探索性研究。试验中,光电探测系统在非常短的传输距离上测出了高速起动激波的速度。通过与试验结果对比,验证了所采用的数值方法的可行性。研究表明：起动激波往下游的运动过程具有一定的规律性;由于内型面的变化导致起动激波速度在起动过程中发生变化。     

脉冲微推力器平均推力测量研究

平均推力测量是脉冲微推力器推进性能研究的关键问题之一。研究了在标准的周期性信号作用下,二阶系统的响应与输入之间的关系。在欠阻尼条件下,得到了系统稳态平均回复力等于平均推力的重要结论,仿真结果证实了结论。研究结果亦可应用于脉冲微推力器的总冲研究。     

大气层内拦截弹脉冲发动机消耗量离线计算

采用姿控式直接侧向力/气动力复合控制方式可以显著提高大气层内拦截弹的机动能力,但由于产生侧向推力的脉冲发动机数量有限,必须考虑减少使用数量的问题.除了最优化脉冲发动机点火分配逻辑之外,充分利用气动力也是一种可能的方案.本文基于弹体运动的线性化模型,探讨了在给定攻角响应时间的情况下,最大限度地利用气动力能否节省脉冲发动机点火数目,并对攻角响应所需用的脉冲发动机数量做了离线计算,给出了计算公式.     

一种小型全流量补燃循环火箭发动机实验装置

介绍一种新的液体火箭发动机动力循环型式—全流量补燃循环的概念及其相对于其它动力循环的优点。为研究这一先进的循环系统,设计了一套小型全流量补燃循环氢/氧火箭发动机实验装置。结合该装置的系统方案,对其进行一维管路计算;通过对2个预燃室进行热力计算,确定了其燃烧温度和预燃气体的热物理性质;在燃烧室压强和混合比大范围变化的情况下,对氢氧推进剂的比冲特性进行探讨,以此确定燃烧室压强为4.0MPa,推进剂余氧系数为0.75。最后估算出该实验装置所能产生的推力为4018.77N。      

背景噪声和脉冲干扰下的SDH误块性能

误码性能是光纤数字传输系统的重要性能指标,而通常光同步数字传输系统(SDH, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)又以误块性能来衡量其误码性能.通过分析光同步数字传输系统在背景噪声(用泊松分布来描述)和脉冲干扰(用A型传染病分布来描述)影响下的系统误块性能,推导出了泊松分布和传染病分布下误块率的一般关系式.