固体火箭发动机性能预示

编制了固体火箭发动机性能预示软件，以美国的ＡＩＭ发动机和法国的ＳＥＰ发动机为例进行了比冲预示，并与美、英、法、德、意等国软件的达到了国外同等水平的预示精度，可用于导弹总体设计、发动机优化设计。     

Use of principal component analysis in the identification of the spatial pattern of an ionospheric total electron content anomalies after China’s May 12, 2008, M = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the spatial pattern of total electron content (TEC) anomalies in the ionosphere post the China’s Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May, 2008 (UTC) (M_w = 7.9). PCA and image processing are applied to the global ionospheric map (GIM) with transforms conducted for the time period 08:00–10:00 UT on 12 May 2008. Results show that at a height of approximately 200 km the anomaly is widespread and less intense; however, it becomes more localized with height reaching maximum intensity and localization at an altitude of 300 km. The spatial distribution is remarkably similar to that reported for a TEC anomaly previously identified as a precursor anomaly on May 9, 2008 for the same time period. Potential causes of the results are discussed with emphasis given to vertical acoustic gravity waves based on the spatial pattern identified.     

Analysis of a topside ionospheric model using GPS and ionosonde observables

Ground-based vertical incidence soundings are well suited to model the bottom-side ionosphere but are not so good for dependably modelling the topside ionosphere. This study aims to combine vertical incidence sounding and dual-frequency GPS measurements to reconstruct the topside profile. The reconstruction technique relays on the use of the so-called vary-Chap approach that use an α-Chapman function with a continuously varying scale height.     

Ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR

Two models of ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) are proposed. For HF-SAR the signal with sweeping frequency lower than the characteristic frequency of ionosphere will be scatted during the ionosphere propagation and completely reflected at a corresponding height. The ionospheric electron density isolines looked as series of random surfaces can be reconstructed from the HF-SAR echoes by using the inverse scattering technique for layered rough surfaces and the method of moment (MoM). The numerical simulation show that due to the MoM can provide a full wave solution, the ionosphere tomography with high resolution can be obtained as long as enough sampling data of HF-SAR echoes are used. For VHF/UHF/P/L-band SAR the TEC (Total Electron Content) can be obtained from the SAR echoes scattered by some strong point targets (such as the calibrators, etc.) appeared in the SAR imaged ground region, and the ionosphere tomography can be performed by CT technique.     

Study on Energy Law of Similitude for Laser Propulsion in Repetitively-pulsed Mode

Energy law of similitude for laser propulsion refers to the law that there is an optimum nozzle configuration for the largest value of impulse coupling coefficient at certain incident laser energy. A dimensionless factor combined with incident laser energy, nozzle configuration parameters and working gas parameters is introduced. Energy law of similitude is established by means of theoretical analysis, experimental study and numerical simulation of radiation gas-dynamics. The qualitative results obtained from theoretical analysis are verified by experimental and numerical results. Physical meaning and engineering application of dimensionless factor and energy law of similitude are analyzed. Results indicate that

impulse coupling coefficient has a maximum value with dimensionless factor of about 0.4;

impulse coupling coefficient is independent of incident laser energy when dimensionless factor is constant. Conclusions and recognitions acquired in this article can not only present optimum nozzle configurations for the present laser energy level, but also provide a good guide for the optimum nozzle configuration design once the laser energy is amplified to a high level.     

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120°E longitude

In this paper, latitudinal profiles of the vertical total electron content (TEC) deduced from the dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at ground stations around 120°E longitude were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study mainly focuses on the analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) which is an important parameter representing the strength of EIA. Data used for the present study covered the time period from 01 January, 1998 to 31 December, 2004. An empirical orthogonal function analysis method is used to obtain the main features of the TEC-CTR’s diurnal and seasonal variations as well as its solar activity level dependency. Our results showed that: (1) The diurnal variation pattern of the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude is characterized by two remarkable peaks, one occurring in the post-noon hours around 13–14 LT, and the other occurring in the post-sunset hours around 20–21 LT, and the post-sunset peak has a much higher value than the post-noon one. (2) Both for the north and south crests, the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude showed a semi-annual variation with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. (3) TEC-CTR for the north crest has lower values in summer than in winter, whereas TEC-CTR for the south crest does not show this ‘winter anomaly’ effect. In other words, TEC-CTR for both the north and south crests has higher values in the northern hemispheric winter than in the northern hemispheric summer. (4) TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours (12–14 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity, however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours (19–21 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, its values increasing with solar activity.     

小卫星星座的最优脉冲变轨研究

针对小卫星星座,进行星座发射中的最优脉冲式变轨研究,给出了形成星座的脉冲式变轨的基本原理;基于卫星相对运动状态转移方程,推导出了星座参脉冲式变轨的理论解,即所要施加的脉冲控制量的解析式,利用遗传算法,对双脉冲式变轨的脉冲控制量进行了优化计算,求得了使总变轨脉冲最小的最优变轨时间,最后,探讨了星座脉冲式变轨的工程实现现途径,为工程应用和研究提供参考。     

基于冲量变轨原理的地球同步卫星有限推力变轨策略

  推力有限时,地球同步轨道卫星在远地点变轨的弧段很长,会导致较多的燃料消耗。基于冲量变轨原理,研究了地球同步轨道卫星远地点有限推力多次变轨问题,提出了具有星下点约束的最省燃料变轨方案,给出了每次变轨的推力方向和点火起止时刻及最优中间过渡轨道。仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

某型超音速冲击式氧涡轮叶型气动优化

使用NUMECA软件对某型超音速两级冲击式涡轮进行了全三维定常湍流流场计算,分析了计算结果。以此为基础,通过修改叶型得到性能较高的涡轮叶型设计,并对比了优化前后涡轮内部流场。以三维计算结果为基础,分析涡轮内部流动损失,在保证氧涡轮原有机械结构不做大的改变、输入条件不变的情况下,对涡轮叶型进行优化研究。以叶型参数为变量,以总静效率(在总总效率的基础上考虑余速损失而得)为目标函数,通过反复修改各个叶型参数,然后对每次修改过的叶片进行三维计算,通过比较涡轮总静效率大小判断叶型优劣。通过优化,获得了效率更高、做功能力更强的涡轮叶型。研究成果对工程研制有一定的指导意义,总结的涡轮气动设计及优化方法,对涡轮的设计具有借鉴作用。     

地基激光清除空间碎片过程建模与仿真

 空间碎片对人类航天活动的影响越来越大,用地基高能脉冲激光清除空间碎片被认为是一种可行手段。分析了地基激光清除空间碎片的原理,建立了碎片清除过程轨道动力学模型,通过选取两种典型的ps级和ns级激光器,对空间碎片的清除效果进行了仿真计算。结果表明:对于800 km和1 500 km轨道高度上的某典型空间碎片,两种激光器均不能在其一次过顶将其清除,需多次过顶才能达到清除效果;在进入大气层烧毁前,均需烧蚀一定的质量,而且轨道高度越高,烧蚀质量越多;ps级激光器比ns级激光器具有优势,15 kJ、 10 ns、 2 Hz的ns级激光器清除800 km和1 500 km轨道高度上的碎片所需总能量分别是150 J、1 ps、 65 Hz的ps级激光器的2.95倍和3.31倍。研究结果可为碎片清除方案制定和地基激光器参数选择提供依据。