GNSS single frequency ionospheric range delay corrections: NeQuick data ingestion technique

A study of the performance of the NeQuick model and the Klobuchar model for GNSS single frequency range delay correction on a global scale was done using data for moderate solar activity. In this study NeQuick was used in the way intended for Galileo. This study is to assess the performance of the two models at each ionospheric geographic region during moderate solar activity as previously published studies were concentrated only on high solar activity. The results obtained showed that NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar for the whole year at the three geographical regions of the ionosphere. In terms of monthly root mean square of mismodeling, NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar by 15 TECU or more at low-latitudes, 5 TEC or more at mid-latitudes, and 1 TECU or more at high-latitudes.     

太阳活动与全球气候变化

太阳不断向地球辐射电磁波和粒子, 太阳辐射是地球气候系统最主要的能量来源. 地球气候系统对太阳活动的响应是一个复杂的过程, 包括辐射过程、动力学过程以及微观物理过程等. 根据太阳辐射的卫星观测结果和重建结果, 例举了古气候、温度、大气环流和云量等方面太阳影响气候的观测证据, 论述了太阳影响气候的三种可能机制, 即太阳总辐射变化可以影响地表温度, 并通过海-气耦合改变大气环流; 太阳紫外辐射通过调制平流层的温度和风场影响下面的对流层; 太阳通过行星际磁场调制银河宇宙线, 而银河宇宙线通过电离大气影响云量, 进而改变地球的能量收支.      

Analysis of the ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content variability during strong geomagnetic storm

The ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content (PEC) variations during strong geomagnetic storms in November 2004 were estimated by combining of mid-latitude Kharkov incoherent scatter radar observations and GPS TEC data derived from global TEC maps. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the height-temporal distribution for specific location corresponding to the mid-latitudes of Europe. The percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 70%) during night-time. During day-time the lesser values (30–45%) were observed for quiet geomagnetic conditions and rather high values of the PEC contribution to GPS TEC (up to 90%) were observed during strong negative storm. These changes can be explained by the competing effects of electric fields and winds, which tend to raise the layer to the region with lower loss rate and movement of the ionospheric plasma to the plasmasphere.     

激光击穿不同气体的激光推进实验研究

为了研究激光击穿气体工质的机理,通过测量冲量耦合系数,比较了激光在不同压强下击穿不同惰性单原子气体(氩气、氦气)的效果,试验结果表明:原子序数较大的无机气体原子可以电离出更多的电子,从而击穿阈值更低,激光能量转化为爆轰波能量的能量转化效率更高,冲量耦合系数就越大,同样条件下更容易击穿。推进剂气体不同,冲量耦合系数差别较大。测量摆角对结果的影响也较大。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

粉末燃料冲压发动机理论性能分析

研究粉末燃料冲压发动机的理论性能,采用编制的热力计算软件,分别对以硼粉、铝粉、镁粉为燃料的发动机性能进行了计算,分析了不同参数对发动机比冲的影响趋势,为进一步研究及发动机设计奠定了基础。通过与常规液体燃料冲压发动机及固体火箭冲压发动机进行比较,说明了粉末燃料冲压发动机在比冲及体积比冲方面的优势。鉴于金属粉末燃烧产物中凝相物质含量高的特点,研究了两相流损失对发动机性能的影响。     

小功率氮电弧推力器的性能

采用自然辐射冷却结构的小功率电弧推力器,实现了以氮气为推进剂的长时间稳定运行。采用间接测力方法得到推力,利用铜镜反射法拍摄喉道处的放电状态,结合测量的弧电压、弧电流和气流量数据以及导出的比冲和推力效率,对推力器运行性能和放电特性进行了研究。结果显示:在气流量为100~700mL/min,输入功率为35~55W的条件下,最大推力约为24mN,最大比冲接近175s,当弧电流为80~120mA范围内变化时,弧电压变化范围为420~520V,并且弧电压随气流量的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。      

周期矩形脉冲信号强度校准方法的研究

脉冲信号强度是信号脉冲响应、电磁波测量中的关键指标。基于脉冲信号接收机和数字示波器工作原理,通过周期脉冲信号傅里叶变换这一理论基础,建立周期矩形脉冲信号强度校准数学模型。采用数字示波器测量周期矩形脉冲幅度、脉冲宽度等,对校准测试数据进行分析,证明用数字示波器建立周期矩形脉冲信号强度校准系统的科学性和有效性。     

小功率氩电弧推力器性能实验研究

为了对适合小卫星使用的电弧加热推进系统的优化设计提供一定的参考,自行设计了输入电功率数瓦至数十瓦的小功率电弧等离子体推力器及其运行性能实验系统,包括一种气动小推力的间接测量系统。对四种不同喷管结构和尺寸的小功率电弧推力器,实验检测了所产生的推力随着弧电流和推进剂流量的变化。结果显示:在气流量4.5~10.5mg/s,输入功率3~35W的条件下,推力器产生的最大推力约为9.7mN,最大比冲约为110s;减小喉道直径,适当增加扩张比有助于提高小功率Arcjet的性能;当弧电流在10~110mA范围内变化时,弧电压的变化范围约为210~280V,气体的放电形式有别于传统的电弧加热推力器。      

浅凹槽底壁横向燃料喷射对流动和燃烧特性的影响

模拟了高度30km,飞行马赫数6的超声速燃烧室流场和燃烧特性.通过对固定长度、不同深度的一组浅凹槽底壁燃料横向喷射的燃烧室的冷态与燃烧工况进行数值计算,并将其和传统壁面横向喷射方式进行比较,发现引入浅凹槽底壁喷射结构能有效减弱流场的激波系强度,明显降低燃烧流场的总压损失;凹槽前壁面和喷流柱之间形成稳定的亚声速回流区,能够稳定火焰,这在较大深度凹槽会更明显.引入浅凹槽一定程度降低了横向射流穿透深度,这也导致燃烧效率相比传统壁面横向喷射结构有一定下降.