Novel approach of crater detection by crater candidate region selection and matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine

Impacted craters are commonly found on the surface of planets, satellites, asteroids and other solar system bodies. In order to speed up the rate of constructing the database of craters, it is important to develop crater detection algorithms. This paper presents a novel approach to automatically detect craters on planetary surfaces. The approach contains two parts: crater candidate region selection and crater detection. In the first part, crater candidate region selection is achieved by Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) detector. Matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine (MatLSSVM), as the matrixization version of least square support vector machine (SVM), inherits the advantages of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), reduces storage space greatly and reserves spatial redundancies within each image matrix compared with general LSSVM. The second part of the approach employs MatLSSVM to design classifier for crater detection. Experimental results on the dataset which comprises 160 preprocessed image patches from Google Mars demonstrate that the accuracy rate of crater detection can be up to 88%. In addition, the outstanding feature of the approach introduced in this paper is that it takes resized crater candidate region as input pattern directly to finish crater detection. The results of the last experiment demonstrate that MatLSSVM-based classifier can detect crater regions effectively on the basis of KLT-based crater candidate region selection.     

自由流紊流度对串列叶栅性能的影响

通过实验，测量了自由流紊流度（Ｔｕ）在１．４％－６．７％范围内，一双圆弧串列叶栅总压损失系数、气流转角、附面层内速度分布以及吸力面压力系数。结果表明：（１）当Ｔｕ小于大约３％时，随着Ｔｕ增加，总压损失明显降低；当Ｔｕ大于３％时，Ｔｕ变化对总压损失几乎无影响。（２）Ｔｕ在１．４％－６．７％范围内变化对气流转角无影响。（３）Ｔｕ增加，对前排叶片吸力面靠近前缘部分附面层有有利影响。     

扩压式双S隐身进气道设计和流场分析

采用扩压式双S隐身进气道能够提高飞行器的隐身特性和综合性能。针对保形短程、高隐身、大偏距的亚音速隐身无人机进气道,以保形入口、中间控制面和出口截面为约束并结合多项式对中心线和面积、截面形状进行控制,实现对保形进口截面形状和弯曲形式复杂的双S隐身进气道的快速设计;在此基础上,研究中心线曲率、面积分布和中间截面形状等参数对进气道性能的影响。结果表明:双S进气道流场特性复杂,第二S弯处顶部的分离和空间二次涡引发的流场畸变的综合控制是设计的重点,通过截面参数约束并结合多项式能够对双S进气道内的流场品质进行控制;在中心线曲率、扩张角和多项式参数等配制上应该朝利于第二S弯流场稳定的方向靠近。     

基于偏最小二乘的向后删除变量法及其在均匀设计中的应用

针对均匀设计中的小样本数据处理问题,讨论了一种偏最小二乘与向后删除变量法相结合的变量筛选方法。首先,利用偏最小二乘建立包含尽可能多的关键自变量的全模型,然后将向后删除变量法中的每一次最小二乘回归替换为偏最小二乘回归,得到基于偏最小二乘的向后删除变量法。实验结果表明,与逐步回归法相比．该方法的预测能力明显提高,且具有更好的稳定性。     

基于总体最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波的无源定位算法仿真

研究了存在系统误差时单站纯方位角无源定位系统的定位问题,分别在系统误差为常值和时变值时研究了TLS—KF算法的性能,并通过估计系统误差是否存在,给出了一种选择最优定位算法的判决方法。该问题的研究对于单站无源定位系统如何在存在系统误差时提高定位精度和性能,具有一定的理论意义和实际意义。     

尾旋预测中气动参数的拟合研究

针对现代高机动性能飞机大迎角动态特性分析，特别是在飞机尾旋特性分析预测中，需要的大量风洞实验气动力数据，推出采取多元最小二乘拟合法，进行高次多项式非线性拟合的方法，以某飞机旋转天平风洞实验实验气动力数据为例，进行了数据拟合分析，同时，应用拟合结果进行了该飞机的尾旋特性预测，并给出了部分计算结果和飞行试验结果的比较，证明所推出的数据拟合方法及得出的拟合结果，在大迎角研究领域应用中是可靠的。     

小发动机推力矢量的测量

针对小发动机推力矢量的特点和测量要求 ,在分析二轴转台数学模型的基础上提出了间接测量推力矢量的线性组合法 ,最后给出误差计算公式。通过转台的旋转和伸缩形成不同的试验工况 ,得到测量数据的超定方程组 ,再用最小二乘法解矛盾方程求得推力矢量的方向角和偏移量。经多次试验表明 ,用该方法测量推力矢量参数的不确定度远小于± 5% ,超过了原定技术要求     

航空发动机燃油雾化特性研究进展

从实验、理论和数值模拟三个方面对航空发动机内的燃油雾化问题研究进展进行了综述。实验方面,通过雾化实验,可定性分析喷注参数及环境条件等因素对雾化效果的影响,测量技术是影响实验精度的关键;雾化理论对液膜形状及破碎特性的预测值与实验还存在一定误差,复杂气动条件下的雾化理论还较为缺乏;雾化数值模拟可以获得不同形式燃油雾化的某些典型变化过程,复杂多过程、多因素影响的雾化模拟还较难开展。总体上看,航空发动机燃油雾化机理还未能完全揭示。     

Night-time total electron content enhancements at equatorial anomaly region in China

This paper presents small scale (duration ?1 h, ΔTEC ? 1TECU) night-time total electron content (TEC) enhancements observed at the equatorial anomaly region in China, for the first time. The data is from a GPS receiver chain established in 2005 by Institute of Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and a GPS receiver of International GPS Service (IGS), located between Fuzhou (26.1°N, 119.3°E) and Nanning (22.8°N, 108.3°E). Two other GPS observations of IGS taken at higher latitude were also used to investigate the localization of such phenomenon. The characteristics of the night-time TEC enhancement are examined with two case studies. The TEC increases about 1–3TECU, intermittently. While the night-time TEC enhancement mainly occurs at the equatorial anomaly region, it can be observed at middle latitude as well. The spatial size of the enhancement region is less than 5° in longitude. The primary statistical study shows that the TEC enhancement is more often observed in spring and autumn, but rarely in summer. It has no dependence on geomagnetic activity. The enhancement can occur both before and after midnight.     

The effect of total solar eclipse of October 3, 2005, on the total electron content over Europe

GPS observations from EUREF permanent GPS network were used to observe the response of TEC (Total Electron Content) to the total solar eclipse on October 3, 2005, under quiet geomagnetic conditions of the daytime ionosphere. The effect of the eclipse was detected in diurnal variations and more distinctly in the variations of TEC along individual satellite passes. The trough-like variations with a gradual decrease and followed by an increase of TEC at the time of the eclipse were observed over a large region. The depression of TEC amounted to 3–4 TECU. The maximum depression was observed over all stations located at the maximum path of the solar eclipse. The delay of a minimum level of TEC with respect to the maximum phase of the eclipse was about 20–30 min.