面对面倾斜度误差的解析评定

简要地叙述了面对面倾斜度误差的最小二乘评定和最小条件评定法,并分别建立了评定面对面倾斜度误差的数学模型。文中的评定原理可扩展到其他倾斜度误差的评定。     

An enhanced least squares residual RAIM algorithm based on optimal decentralized factor

The Least Squares Residual (LSR) algorithm is commonly used in the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). However, LSR algorithm presents high Missed Detection Risk (MDR) caused by a large-slope faulty satellite and high False Alert Risk (FAR) caused by a small-slope faulty satellite. In this paper, the LSR algorithm is improved to reduce the MDR for a large-slope faulty satellite and the FAR for a small-slope faulty satellite. Based on the analysis of the vertical critical slope, the optimal decentralized factor is defined and the optimal test statistic is conceived, which can minimize the FAR with the premise that the MDR does not exceed its allowable value of all three directions. To construct a new test statistic approximating to the optimal test statistic, the Optimal Decentralized Factor weighted LSR (ODF-LSR) algorithm is proposed. The new test statistic maintains the sum of pseudo-range residual squares, but the specific pseudo-range residual is weighted with a parameter related to the optimal decentralized factor. The new test statistic has the same decentralized parameter with the optimal test statistic when single faulty satellite exists, and the difference between the expectation of the new test statistic and the optimal test statistic is the minimum when no faulty satellite exists. The performance of the ODF-LSR algorithm is demonstrated by simulation experiments.     

Temporal evolution analysis of storm-enhanced density during an intense magnetic storm on March 2015

An intense Storm Enhancement Density (SED) event with the magnetic storm occurred on 17–24 March 2015 has been investigated. The morphological character of the SED during different phase of the magnetic storm is examined and compared with the non-storm time. Three intensity indexes, i.e., “general” SED index, “heavy” SED index and “severe” SED index, are defined to represent the intensity of SED respectively represented by the numbers of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) grids with TEC > 60 TECu, TEC > 80 TECu and TEC > 100 TECu. The temporal evolution of the SED intensity indexes during a time span covering the non-storm time and the magnetic storm time have also been investigated. The SED exhibits a shape with two parallel slender troughs in the middle and low latitudes during the non-storm time and then gradually develops into an ellipse structure as the development of magnetic storm. The intensity of SED and the fluctuation of the TEC evolution are generally corresponding to the fluctuation of Dst index. The analyzing results enrich our understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of the ionospheric SED.     

On the detection of anomalous seismo-ionospheric behavior in the presence of space weather stimuli for large earthquakes

Anomalous behavior of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) prior to earthquake has been observed in many studies. Evidence of such seismo-ionospheric coupling effects suggests that it is plausible to rely on TEC signatures for early earthquake warning. However, the detection of pre-earthquake TEC anomalies (PETA) has not been adopted in practice due to two pertinent issues. Firstly, the effects of space weather activity can affect TEC levels and cause anomalous behavior in the TEC. Usually arbitrary thresholds are set for space weather indices to eliminate TEC anomaly due to space weather effects. Secondly, the choice regarding moving time-window length used to characterise background variation of TEC within the statistical envelope approach has an effect on detection of PETA. While the rule-of-thumb in selecting the moving window length is to have a time window capable of capturing background variability and short-term fluctuations, the length of the time window used in the literature varies with little justification. In this study, a critical examination is conducted on the statistical envelope approach and in particular, to eliminate the effect of space weather activity without the use of arbitrary space indices to detect PETA. A two-part PETA identification procedure is proposed, consisting of wavelet analyses isolating non-earthquake TEC contributions, followed by the statistical envelope method using a moving window length standardized based on observed periodicities and statistical implications is suggested. The approach is tested on a database of 30 large earthquakes (M?≥?7.0). The proposed procedure shows that PETA can be detected prior to earthquakes at higher confidence levels without the need to separately check for space weather activity. More importantly, the procedure was able to detect PETA for studies where it was previously reported that PETA could not be detected or detected convincingly.     

Near real-time PPP-based monitoring of the ionosphere using dual-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo data

Ionosphere delay is very important to GNSS observations, since it is one of the main error sources which have to be mitigated even eliminated in order to determine reliable and precise positions. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium to radio signal, so the value of the group delay or phase advance of GNSS radio signal depends on the signal frequency. Ground-based GNSS stations have been used for ionosphere monitoring and modeling for a long time. In this paper we will introduce a novel approach suitable for single-receiver operation based on the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. One of the main characteristic is that only carrier-phase observations are used to avoid particular effects of pseudorange observations. The technique consists of introducing ionosphere ambiguity parameters obtained from PPP filter into the geometry-free combination of observations to estimate ionospheric delays. Observational data from stations that are capable of tracking the GPS/BDS/GALILEO from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed. For the purpose of performance validation, ionospheric delays series derived from the novel approach are compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM) from Ionospheric Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). The results are encouraging and offer potential solutions to the near real-time ionosphere monitoring.     

Study of TEC changes during geomagnetic storms occurred near the crest of the equatorial ionospheric ionization anomaly in the Indian sector

GPS satellites data obtained at Bhopal (23.16° N, 77.36° E, geomagnetic latitude 14.23° N) India were analyzed to study the TEC changes during several geomagnetic storms (−300 nT < Dst < −50 nT) occurred in 2005–2007. We had segregated the storms according to the Dst value, i.e. moderate storms (−100 nT < Dst ? −50 nT), strong storms (−150 nT < Dst < −100 nT), and severe storms (Dst less than −150 nT). Total of 21 geomagnetic storms (10 moderate, 9 strong, 2 severe) are considered for the present study. Deviation in vertical total electron content (VTEC) during the main phase of the storm was found to be associated with the prompt penetration of electric field originated due to the under-shielding and over-shielding conditions for almost all geomagnetic storms discussed in this paper. For most of the storms VTEC shows the positive percentage deviation during the main phase while it shows positive as well as the negative deviation during the recovery phase of the storms. The −80% deviation in VTEC was found for geomagnetic storm occurred on July 17, 2005 and the negative trend continued for recovery phase of the storm. This was mainly due to the thermospheric composition changes by Joule heating effect at auroral latitudes that generate electric field disturbance at low latitudes. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were responsible for the formation of wave like nature in VTEC for the storms occurred on May 15, 2005, whereas it was not observed for storm occurred on August 24, 2005.     

以相对偏差平方和为指标函数的最小二乘法

就测量中最小二乘法用于静态模型估计的问题,分析了传统最小二乘法在某些实验条件下应用的不合理现象,提出以相对偏差平方和为指标函数的最小二乘法。简记LSR法。给出了该方法的实用公式,分析了数学特征并证明在所给实验条件下具有无偏性、一致性,有效性.给出了用该方法拟合电位差计静态特性方程的例子。证明该方法在测量工作中是有实际意义的。     

S形进气道流路造型方法及其对性能影响的研究

根据S形进气道的几何边界条件,提出了一种基于多项式的中心线及面积分布率曲线的流路造型方法。选择不同的拐点位置,采用该方法构造了9条具有代表性的中心线及面积分布率方程。组合不同的中心线和面积分布率曲线建立了相应的S形进气道的几何造型,并采用三维N-S方程进行求解,得到了总压恢复系数和DC60等性能指标。分析计算结果表明,中心线对S形进气道总压恢复和出口动压起着主要影响,随着中心线方程拐点位置后移,S形进气道总压恢复系数和出口动压呈明显增加趋势;中心线和面积分布率组合共同影响着DC60指标,当中心线拐点过于靠近进气道进口而面积分布率曲线拐点靠近进气道出口时,进气道下游的涡将会发展到出口,从而大幅度影响DC60指标。     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

民用飞机平尾气动载荷计算方法研究

水平尾翼的主要功能是保证飞机具有纵向静稳定性和俯仰可操纵性。民用飞机由于起飞重量大、重心变化范围广,对平尾的操纵性要求很高,为了提高平尾的操纵效率,民用飞机一般采用平尾安定面可微动的设计手段,加上升降舵偏转以及翼身洗流等因素的影响,使得飞行中平尾处的流场变得非常复杂,如何准确或偏保守地确定平尾上的气动载荷一直是民用飞机飞行载荷计算中的一个难点。介绍了民用飞机平尾气动总载荷和载荷分布的计算原理和方法,并提出了如何协调基于测力、测压试验得到的载荷,以及平尾弦向分布载荷的修正方法。