正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹演化研究(英文)

采用能量平衡法对正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料在单轴拉伸载荷作用下的基体裂纹演化进行了研究。在拉伸载荷的作用下,正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料有5种开裂模式。开裂模式3包括横向开裂、基体开裂和纤维/基体界面脱粘;开裂模式5只包括基体开裂和纤维/基体界面脱粘。本文得到了两条横向裂纹之间出现开裂模式3和5的初始基体开裂应力;并得到了开裂模式3多裂纹演化的初始基体开裂应力。讨论了铺层厚度、纤维体积含量、纤维/基体界面剪应力和界面脱粘能对基体开裂应力和基体裂纹演化的影响。结果表明,对于SiC/CAS材料而言,两条横向裂纹之间首先出现开裂模式3。     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

信息系统群演化的综合环境SEE的研究

旨在通过对系统构架各视角的研究，开发一个信息系统综合演化环境，从而提供针对各类系统演化特征的通用的解决方案，并利用方法论的手段规范、指导和维护系统(群)的演化活动。本文首先论述了大型系统中各个系统和组件变化及改进活动中存在的问题，分析相关的研究及面临的挑战，从而提出系统群演化的概念。然后文章概括了系统群演化的特征，提出解决以上问题的思想方法，即开发“信息系统群演化的综合环境(Synthetic environment of evolution，SEE)”，将各种演化活动纳入规范，指导系统群的演化活动；在此基础上，进一步就实现SEE的关键技术给出了描述及运用的范例。     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

电子设备可靠性预计参数综合分析方法研究

如何调整元器件的参数以满足可靠性要求并达到最佳的效费比?传统的方法是绘制故障率随单个预计参数变化的曲线，然后根据变化的趋势分别进行调整，但该方法很难直观地反映出多参数对故障率的综合影响，为了达到优化的目的，设计人员需要根据经验反复地调整各类参数。为此，本文结合电子产品可靠性预计软件，给出了直观分析各参数对电子设备可靠性预计结果综合影响的方法。     

用户星对中继卫星的跟踪规律研究

根据中继卫星系统中用户星跟踪中继卫星的要求，定义了用户星天线坐标系，推导出了用户星天线对中继卫星的跟踪规律。通过该跟踪规律可以推出用户星天线跟踪中继卫星的跟踪角度、角速度和角加速度。同时，在给定系统一定初始条件的情况下，利用该跟踪规律分别推出了用户星最大跟踪角度和角速度与用户星轨道高度和用户星轨道倾角之间的关系。最后利用STK(Satellite Tool Kit)对该跟踪规律进行了间接验证。     

Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide. In this work, an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling (LOMM) was proposed to solve the problems. A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material, producing loose oxide which was easy to remove. The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation. The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied. A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully. The milling force, surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated. For comparison, a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling (COMM) using identical milling parameters. Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide. The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM. The surface roughness S_a of the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM, while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid. Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM. The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage. Compared with COMM, the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly. It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.     

Halo White Dwarfs and Baryonic Dark Matter

We describe the formation of hot intergalactic gas along with baryonic remnants in galaxy halos. In this scenario, the mass and metallicity of the hot intracluster and intragroup gas relates directly to the production of baryonic remnants during the collapse of galactic halos. We construct a schematic but self-consistent model in which early bursts of star formation lead to a large remnant population in the halo, and to the outflow of stellar ejecta into the halo and ultimately the Local Group. We consider local as well as high redshift constraints on this scenario. This study suggests that the microlensing objects in the Galactic halo may predominantly be 0.5M white dwarfs, assuming that the initial mass function for early star formation favored the formation of intermediate mass stars with m 1M. However, the bulk of the baryonic dark matter in this scenario is associated with the ejecta of the white dwarf progenitors, and resides in the hot intergalactic medium.     

The Primordial Helium-4 Abundance from Observations of a Large Sample of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies

We use a sample of 45 low-metallicity H II regions in blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies to determine the primordial helium abundance YP with a precision better than 5%. We have carefully investigated the physical effects which may make the He I line intensities deviate from their recombination values such as collisional and fluorescent enhancements, underlying He I stellar absorption and absorption by Galactic interstellar Na I. By extrapolating the Y vs. O/H and Y vs. N/H linear regressions to O/H = N/H = 0, we obtain YP = 0.244±0.002 and 0.245±0.001, respectively, higher than previous determinations (YP = 0.230 - 0.234). Part of the difference comes from the fact that previous investigators have not taken into account underlying He I stellar absorption, especially in the NW component of the BCD I Zw 18 which, because of its extremely low metallicity plays a key role in the determination of YP. We derive a slope dY/dZ = 2.3±1.0, considerably smaller than those derived before. With this smaller slope and taking into account the errors, chemical evolution models with an outflow of well-mixed material can be built for star-forming dwarf galaxies which satisfy all the observational constraints. Our YP gives _bh ₅₀ ² = 0.058±0.007,f consistent with the lower limit set by dynamical measurements and X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies. It is also consistent, within the framework of standard big bang nucleosynthesis theory, with measurements of primordial 7Li in galactic halo stars and with the D/H abundance measured in absorption systems toward quasars by Burles and Tytler (1997).     

刀具库房信息化管理实践及展望

本文针对科研生产混合型的数控车间刀具库房管理过程,以流程优化、完善制度和信息化管理为重点,总结归纳出刀具库房信息化管理的方法和手段,并以中航工业北京航空制造工程研究所数控某刀具库房信息化系统建设为实例,说明了刀具库房管理实施方法及过程。