Analytical long-term evolution and perturbation compensation models for BeiDou MEO satellites

The current paper establishes the analytical models of the long-term evolution and perturbation compensation strategy for Medium Earth Orbits(MEO)shallow-resonant navigation constellation,with application to the Chinese Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).The long-term perturbation model for the relative motion is developed based on the Hamiltonian model,and the long-term evolution law is analyzed.The relationship between the control boundary of the constellation and the offset of the orbital elements is analyzed,and a general analytical method for calculating the offset of the orbit elements is proposed.The analytical model is further improved when the luni-solar perturbations are included.The long-term evolutions of the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years are illustrated,and the effectiveness of the proposed analytical perturbation compensation calculation approach is compared with the traditional numerical results.We found the fundamental reason for the nonlinear variations of the relative longitude of ascending node and the mean argument of latitude is the long-periodic variations of the orbital inclination due to the luni-solar perturbations.The proposed analytical approach can avoid the numerical iterations,and reveal the essential relationship between the orbital element offsets and the secular drifts of the constellation configuration.Moreover,there is no need for maintaining the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years while using the perturbation compensation method.     

热轧AZ31镁合金超塑变形中的微观组织演变及断裂行为

通过热轧工艺制备了具有细晶微观组织的AZ31镁合金薄板。在250-450℃的温度范围和0.7×10-3-1.4×10-1s-1的初始应变速率范围内研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板的超塑性流变行为。分别通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了AZ31镁合金超塑性变形中的微观组织演变和断裂行为,并计算了不同温度下的变形激活能。结果表明,从300℃开始,热轧AZ31镁合金开始表现出超塑性的流变特征。在400℃,0.7×10-3s-1的变形条件下,最大延伸率可达362.5％,显示了良好的超塑性能。在300-400℃的超塑变形温度范围内,AZ31镁合金超塑变形的主要机制是由晶界扩散控制的晶界滑移,而变形温度和应变速率对AZ31镁合金断裂行为的影响主要体现在变形机制从晶内滑移到晶界滑移的转变。     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

基于随机排序微分进化算法的多级轴流压气机优化技术

为了精确处理多级轴流压气机优化设计过程中的约束条件,提高优化设计可靠性,引入了随机排序微分进化算法。使用随机排序算法处理优化问题中普遍存在的约束条件,并将该算子与微分进化算法耦合。使用13个基准测试函数对算法进行了性能测试。测试结果表明该算法具有可观的精确性和稳定性。随后,对一弹用5级轴流压气机进行了优化设计,在满足约束的条件下,总压和等熵效率分别得到了1.979%和2.5%的效率提升。     

A novel method for solving shortest tool length based on compressing 3D check surfaces relative to tool postures

Solving the shortest tool length quickly under a known tool trajectory in multi-axis machining of complex channel parts is an urgent problem in industrial production. To solve this problem, a novel and efficient method is proposed which is featured by extracting only a few necessary curves from the check surface instead of sampling the entire surface. By rotating and compressing the 3D check surface relative to all tool postures, the boundaries of the area occupied by the 2D compressed surfaces are the essential elements for determining the shortest tool length. A tracking-based numerical algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the silhouette curves which are formed in compressing. To define the multi-taper shaped tool holding system (THS) which is commonly used in production, a characterization model for THS profile is established. A model for solving the shortest tool length is finally constructed based on the critical interference relationship between the THS profile and all compressed boundary curves. For acceleration, the boundary splines are segmented according to their knot vectors. Then a new concept called the axis-aligned tool length box (AATB) is introduced, which can provide a conservative range of tool length for a spline segment. By scanning the AATBs of all spline segments, the very few effective spline segments that may ultimately determine the shortest tool length are filtered out. This acceleration method makes the solution for the shortest tool length more focused and efficient. The results of experimental examples are also reported to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

星舰-超重体系与开发的范式变革探究

为了梳理和分析星舰-超重体系与开发的模式,及其相比以往航天运输体系的变革,本文首先回顾星舰-超重的宏观演化与微观验证历程,而后评估基于星舰-超重的太空新物流体系优势与挑战,最后探讨资本驱动下航天运输系统价值网升维与开发范式变革的内在逻辑。研究发现:星舰-超重的开发理念是“创新引领,市场运作;宏观演化,微观验证”,本质是资本内在增值需求推动新技术、新平台的快速集成和应用。     

边界层中TS波及其高阶谐波的演化

基于抛物化稳定性方程,研究了边界层中TS波及其高阶谐波的线性和非线性演化问题。由局部法和Landau展开式导出初始条件,并计算了扰动幅值和速度型等的演化过程和特征,特别是非线性的重要作用。探讨了初始幅值、压力梯度、扰动频率对扰动演化的影响及其规律,这与边界层的稳定性和转捩研究紧密相关。算例结果与全Navier—Stokes方程的直接数值模拟结果一致。     

温度垂直递减率对飞机尾涡影响的数值模拟

为了更深入精确地研究航空器尾涡演变规律，保障航空器安全运行，本文采用数值模拟方法对不同温度垂直递减率下A330-300飞机尾流的耗散规律进行了研究。数值模拟选择SST (Shear stress transport) k-ω湍流模型，通过构建5种不同温度垂直递减率下的温度场，并在温度场内编译A330-300飞机尾流场实现不同温度垂直递减率下的演化。通过数值模拟结果与雷达探测数据的对比验证了数值模拟方法可靠性。计算结果表明，一般湍流强度下，不同的温度垂直递减率主要作用于尾涡衰减阶段，通过改变尾涡内外温度影响尾涡演化。温度垂直递减率越小，尾涡衰减区环量减小得越快；温度垂直递减率越大，尾涡下沉的速率越大，快速耗散后的涡核间距越大。     

三种高强铝合金高温组织实时观察研究

2219、2A14、2195铝合金是航天领域常用的三种结构材料，特别是2195合金，因其密度低、比强度和比刚度高等优势在航天的应用越来越广泛。本文基于高温金相实时观测系统，在50 K/min加热速率下对强化态（固溶+时效）下的三种铝合金常温（约25℃）至软化温度（约600～660℃）下微观组织及相组成的变化过程进行了实时观察。结果表明：强化态下的三种铝合金均在高于其固相线的温度下发生了熔化，高温金相视场中的初始熔化位置位于圆形相（含有Al、Cu元素）附近，而块状相（含有Al、Cu、Fe等元素）则最后发生熔化。重新凝固后材料显微硬度降低50%左右，表明基体中的增强相减少；先析α相中Cu含量降低，大部分Cu元素均富集于晶界上形成接近共晶成分的网状富Cu相；未溶块状相熔点较高，重新凝固后被推移到晶界。对三种铝合金分析对比结果表明，2195合金固液温度区间最小，高温下形成的网状富Cu液膜最容易被拉开，因此该材料热裂纹敏感性最大。