Cr12MoV钢电火花辅助铣削实验研究

以典型难切削金属材料Cr12MoV模具钢为研究对象,使用ABAQUS对其在电火花放电条件下温度场进行数值模拟,在不同进给率下对其进行传统铣削和电火花辅助铣削对比试验。借助高速摄像机、扫描电镜和测力计等设备,对其切削力特征、表面形貌和刀具磨损进行了对比分析研究。结果表明,电火花辅助铣削的切削力比传统铣削降低28.57%～51.47%,表面粗糙度降低2/3。与传统铣削相比,电火花辅助铣削在降低切削力、提高表面质量和减少刀具磨损方面具有显著优势。     

一种基于微观组织演化的率形式本构模型

为建立塑性变形中微观组织演化与宏观响应的关系,依据定义的率扩散势导出了考虑温度影响的率形式流动应力方程,修正了Chaboche非线性各向同性硬化准则以考虑位错密度演化对硬化的贡献,以位错密度为内变量建立了位错密度演化模型,提出了一种基于微观组织演化机理的率形式本构模型。以927℃钛合金Ti-6Al-4V热单拉实验数据为基础,通过遗传算法确定了模型材料常数。将计算结果与实验数据进行比较,最大应力误差在12%以内,最大晶粒尺寸误差在4%以内,证明了模型的有效性。     

模具表面状态对复合材料构件固化变形的影响

为查明不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件应变演变规律及其对固化变形的影响,采用热电偶和光纤光栅传感器对不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件在热压罐成型工艺过程中的温度和应变进行在线监测,获得不同模具表面状态下构件应变的变化规律。结果表明:升温阶段脱模布的使用能够有效屏蔽模具-构件界面相互作用,使构件在升温阶段的应变很小。三层脱模剂模具表面条件下构件中的应变明显小于一层脱模剂;降温阶段三种实验条件下在构件中都出现了较大的压应变,其中一层脱模剂模具表面状态下模具-构件相互作用力最大,在固化工艺完成后构件发生翘曲变形,且翘曲变形以沿纤维方向为主。     

The Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way Disk

A brief review is presented of our current understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way disk and of its relevance to "cosmic chemical evolution" studies. The implications of this understanding for the evolution of deuterium are emphasized.     

船用惯导系统的发展综述

从1852年傅科提出陀螺仪的概念到今天,陀螺技术走过了158年的历史。船用惯导设备也经历了从陀螺罗经到平台惯导再到激光捷联惯导系统的逐步演化的过程。本文综述了船用惯导设备的发展历程,总结了发展特点,为我国船用惯导系统的进一步发展提供了一些启示。     

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度与表面缺陷研究

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度对其使用性能具有重要影响,通过试验研究端面铣削参数、干铣削和刀具磨损对表面粗糙度及表面缺陷的影响。研究表明:表面粗糙度对每齿进给量变化最为敏感,其次是铣削宽度,再次为铣削深度,铣削速度最小;刀具磨损量(VB)对粗糙度产生明显影响,尤其VB大于0.2mm时,表面粗糙度将急剧增加,并导致划痕、孔洞缺陷;不同铣削条件下均存刀痕、侧流、隆起等缺陷;干铣削时加工表面出现熔敷物或熔滴,并增大毛刺;毛刺随切削速度的增大而变小,随刀具磨损量VB的增加而变大。钛合金TB6适宜在冷却润滑条件下低速铣削加工。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical anisotropy of M50 steel ball bearing rings during multi-stage hot forging

This study aimed to explore the evolution of flow lines and microstructures of M50-steel bearing ring and the anisotropy of its tensile mechanical properties after Multi-Stage Hot Forging (MSHF) and subsequent spheroidizing annealing (MSHFA). To this end, the present study mainly employed stereo microscopy, Optical Metallurgical Microscopy (OMM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) to characterize and analyze the workpiece at each processing stage of MSHF while performing microhardness measurement and uniaxial tensile experiment to test and analyze the mechanical properties of the workpiece. Macro-structure observation showed that the simulation results of flow lines at each stage were consistent with the experimental results. Microscopic observation showed that, after MSHF, deformation gradually became less significant along the outward radial direction of the bearing ring. After MSHFA, the microstructures of the bearing ring became uniform, whereas primary carbides did not dissolve. The mechanical properties were better in the axial direction (AD) than in the radial (RD) and circumferential directions (CD) after MSHF due to the smaller grain width. After MSHFA, the mechanical properties in the ADs and CDs were better than those in the RDs, which was due to the large cross-sectional area of carbides along the flow-line direction.     

TC11钛合金高温流变行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有β转变组织的TC11钛合金在温度1030～1090℃和应变速率0.001～10s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得β区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.32和135.5kJ×mol-1,表明β区的热变形主要受扩散所控制.组织观察发现,试验条件下原始β晶粒有两种细化方式,一种是以变形拉长的原始β晶粒晶界布满项链状的细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式;另一种是以变形拉长的具有锯齿形晶界的原始β晶粒内部布满细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式.高温变形后保温期间的软化行为表明,原始β晶粒的细化方式取决于变形过程中位错的产生和消失之间的竞争机制.     

On Nonlinear-Evolution of C-type Instability in Nonparallel Boundary Layers

The process of evolution, especially that of nonlinear evolution, of C-type instability of laminar-turbulent flow transition in nonparallel boundary layers are studied by means of a newly developed method called parabolic stability equations （PSE）. Initial conditions, which are very important for the nonlinear problem, are investigated by computing initial solution of the harmonic waves, modifying the mean-flow-distortion, and giving initial value of TS wave and its subharmonic waves at initial station by solving linear PSE. A numerical method with high-order accuracy are developed in the text, the key normalization conditions in the PSE are satisfied, and nonlinear PSE are solved efficiently and implemented stably by the spatial marching. It has been shown that the computed process of nonlinear evolution of C-type instability in Blasius boundary layer is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

实体鼓包改进超临界翼型跨声速气动特性研究

采用风洞试验手段,初步研究了高速试验条件下二元翼型加载的实体鼓包高度、形状、安装位置等多方面因素对其减阻特性的影响,结果表明,实体鼓包可以减小阻力系数,在某些特定情况下(一般为中高升力系数情况下)可明显提高升阻比;实体鼓包的最佳应用场合是中高升力系数情况,小升力系数情况下不宜采用实体鼓包,如采用,则应使用较小的最大高度。为充分发挥实体鼓包的减阻作用,并且不至于因此导致气动性能的下降,最佳方法是采用自适应实体鼓包,根据需要随时改变其位置和高度。