水工质激光推进数值建模分析

在对水工质激光推进内流场特征分析的基础上,对描述内流场演化过程的数学模型进行探讨,研究了水滴蒸发模型、水滴变形和破碎模型在水工质激光推进内流场演化过程中的作用。研究结果表明,流场演化过程中,蒸发引起的水滴体积变化率不会超过0.0216%,因而蒸发模型对于计算结果影响不大,在计算过程中可以忽略;水滴在激波流场的作用下破碎成较小的水滴,形成二次雾化,破碎后的水滴体积最小只有原体积的1.5%,对于激光能量的沉积有较大影响,所以在计算中必须考虑水滴变形和破碎模型。     

一种混合粒子群优化算法在翼型设计中的应用

提出了一种分层交换差分粒子群优化算法。作为一种混合算法,将粒子群优化算法与差分进化算法有机地结合了起来,使得粒子种群和差分种群分层交换,共享最优信息,加快了收敛速度,降低了陷入局部最优的风险,函数测试结果表现出算法具有更好的寻优性能。将算法应用到翼型设计之中,取得了良好的优化效果。     

TC17钛合金铣削刀具磨损对残余应力影响研究

为了获得高性能航空发动机用TC17钛合金材料铣削过程中刀具磨损对残余应力的影响规律,通过对不同刀具后刀面磨损量下铣削工件表层残余应力的测试,建立了刀具磨损对残余应力的影响关系,并对影响机理进行了分析。结果表明,硬质合金刀具低速铣削钛合金时,刀具对已加工表面的挤光效应引起的残余压应力占主导地位;不同刀具后刀面磨损量下,残余压应力沿深度方向先增大达到一个最大压应力值后,然后减小趋向于零应力;表面残余应力、最大残余压应力以及残余应力的影响深度都随刀具后刀面磨损量的增大呈增大趋势。     

基于红外成像的条烟自动检测系统

为了解决条烟封箱机装箱过程中的缺条检测问题,本文在研究红外图像处理技术的基础上,提出了一种基于红外成像的烟垛缺条检测方法,该方法通过对实时拍摄的烟垛端部图像进行形态学处理、边缘提取,计算边缘图像构成的轮廓矩,并通过对比该图像和模板的轮廓矩信息判断烟垛是否缺条。并根据实际应用,设计了基于红外成像的条烟封箱自动检测系统。实际检测表明,所研制的红外成像自动检测系统能很好的解决香烟封箱过程中的缺条检测问题,具有很好的应用价值。     

The primordial Helium-4 abundance determination: systematic effects

By extrapolating to O/H = N/H = 0 the empirical correlations Y–O/H and Y–N/H defined by a relatively large sample of 45 Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCDs), we have obtained a primordial ⁴Helium mass fraction Y _p=0.2443±0.0015 with dY/dZ=2.4±1.0. This result is in excellent agreement with the average Y _p=0.2452±0.0015 determined in the two most metal-deficient BCDs known, I Zw 18 (Z /50) and SBS 0335–052 (Z /41), where the correction for He production is smallest. The quoted error (1) of 1% is statistical and does not include systematic effects. We examine various systematic effects including collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, ionization structure and temperature fluctuation effects, and underlying stellar Hei absorption, and conclude that combining all systematic effects, our Y _p may be underestimated by 2–4%. Taken at face value, our Y _p implies a baryon-to-photon number ratio =(4.7^+1.0 _–0.8)×10^–10 and a baryon mass fraction _b h ² ₁₀₀=0.017±0.005 (2), consistent with the values obtained from deuterium and Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. Correcting Y _p upward by 2–4% would make the agreement even better.     

Falkner-Skan流空间演化的二次稳定性研究

依据Floquet理论建立三维亚谐扰动的控制方程，研究Falkner-Skan流的二次稳定性问题。采用高精度的谱方法进行数值模拟，结合边界层特性有效地配置边界条件，引入不同类型压力梯度，研究在压力梯度下的二维有限振幅的Tollmien-Schlichting（TS）波对三维亚谐扰动的产生、发展和演化的作用和影响。结果表明，顺压梯度的存在可以减缓二次不稳定的发生和演化，而逆压梯度却加速了二次不稳定性。     

Helium-3: Status and Prospects

We report on our continuing efforts to determine 3He abundances in H II regions and planetary nebulae. Our detections of 3He in some PNe show that some stars produce large amounts of 3He. However the H II region abundances show no evidence for this production. From our sample of > 40 H II regions, the subsample which should yield the most reliable abundances has 3He/H abundances which scatter between 1-2 × 10-5. There is no trend with either galactocentric distance or metallicity. Even if we do not understand the underlying mechanisms, we see empirically that stars neither produce nor destroy 3He in a major way. We thus suggest that the level of the "3He Plateau" (3He/H = 1.5 _-0.5 ^+1.0 × 10^-5) is a reasonable estimate for the primordial 3He.     

Galactic Evolution of D and 3He

The most recent chemical evolution models for D and 3He are reviewed and their results compared with the available data.Models in agreement with the major galactic observational constraints predict deuterium depletion from the Big Bang to the present epoch smaller than a factor of 3 and therefore do not allow for D/H primordial abundances larger than 5 × 10-5. Models predicting higher D consumption do not seem to be able to reproduce other observed features of our galaxy (e.g. SFR, abundances, abundance ratios and/or gradients of heavier elements, metallicity distribution of G-dwarfs).Observational and theoretical 3He abundances can be reconciled with each other if the majority of low mass stars experience in the red giant phase a deep mixing allowing the consumption of most of the 3He produced during core-hydrogen burning.     

2.5D C/SiC复合材料带孔板拉伸破坏的多尺度模拟

为了研究2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料带孔板的拉伸破坏行为,提出一种可以模拟带孔板细观破坏过程的多尺度计算方法。该方法根据2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的细观结构建立细观模型,通过子模型法将平板的宏观有限元模型和孔周围区域的细观有限元模型耦合在一起,然后采用渐进损伤计算方法完成带孔板破坏的多尺度模拟。计算结果表明,带孔板在拉伸载荷较低时出现初始损伤,随着载荷的加大经纱发生轴向拉伸破坏,纬纱发生横向的破坏。裂纹从孔边沿横向扩展至板的两端,最终整个板完全断裂失效。失效时的应变为0.375%,最大加载应力为221.7MPa。     

搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头的研究进展

概述了国内外铝合金、镁合金、铜合金、钛合金及钢铁材料等多种合金搅拌摩擦焊用搅拌头的结构设计、材料、磨损失效和寿命等方面的研究进展,对比了各搅拌头的结构设计和材料性能优缺点,分析了搅拌头失效方式和寿命,展望了搅拌头的研究发展趋势。