Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

展成电解加工整体叶轮扭曲叶片中的间隙分析

叙述了展成电解加工整体叶轮扭曲叶片中间隙的计算方法,并讨论了工件和阴极各运动速度对间隙的影响。     

低速离心压气机非稳态流和机匣处理的数值分析

机匣处理能够改善压气机稳定裕度,扩大其稳定工作范围。为了验证并分析其扩稳机理,对带沿气流流向槽的低速离心压气机内部进行了全三维数值模拟,将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,并详细对比分析了实壁机匣和机匣处理后离心压气机转子顶部区域流场结构,以及阐述了机匣处理对叶顶间隙泄漏涡和二次流等非稳态三维紊流流动的影响。     

论家户特征对城乡收入差距的影响

自改革开放以来，我国经济高速增长，与此同时，我国城乡收入差距在总体上呈现逐步扩大的趋势。在经济发展过程中，城市与农村家户特征如就业人数、文化程度、行业类别、年龄结构等存在着较大的差异，这些差异是影响城乡收入差距的重要因素。     

配合间隙对涡轮叶片榫头/榫槽接触的影响

采用率相关晶体塑性滑移理论模型,考虑镍基单晶的晶体取向和涡轮盘/片配合间隙的影响,针对涡轮叶片榫头/榫槽的复杂接触状况,研究了温度梯度载荷和离心载荷作用下三种取向的接触应力和低周疲劳损伤。结果表明:当榫头/榫槽的配合间隙小于3.7μm时,榫头/榫槽的接触应力随间隙值突变比较明显;而间隙值大于5.4μm时影响较小。接触应力和低周疲劳寿命对第一齿间隙值比较敏感,随间隙值的波动变化范围较大;第二齿的间隙对接触应力影响也较大,但对疲劳寿命的影响只在较小间隙值下较为明显。晶体取向对榫头/榫槽接触低周疲劳寿命有比较显著的影响,表现出明显的疲劳性能各向异性。     

PW2037发动机VSV系统非典型故障分析

现代民用涡扇发动机普遍采用VSV系统提高发动机的喘振裕度和性能,该系统的常见故障主要集中在控制系统部件及相关线路上,本文介绍了由于VSV系统同步环滑块和HPC机匣间隙原因导致的非典型VSV系统故障,对VSV系统间隙性重复故障的排除具有一定参考作用。     

GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

Effect of tip geometry and tip clearance on aerodynamic performance of a linear compressor cascade

The tip leakage flow between a blade and a casing wall has a strong impact on compressor pressure rise capability, efficiency, and stability. Consequently, there is a strong motivation to look for means to minimize its impact on performance. This paper presents the potential of passive tip leakage flow control to increase the aerodynamic performance of highly loaded compressor blades. Experimental investigations on a linear compressor cascade equipped with blade winglets mounted to the blade tips have been carried out. Results for a variation of the tip clearance and the winglet geometry are presented. Current results indicate that the use of proper tip winglets in a compressor cascade can positively affect the local aerodynamic field by weakening the tip leakage vortex. Results also show that the suction-side winglets are aerodynamically superior to the pressure-side or combined winglets. The suction-side winglets are capable of reducing the exit total pressure loss associated with the tip leakage flow and the passage secondary flow to a significant degree.     

验证板反射冲击波对固体推进剂冲击起爆影响的实验研究

根据隔板实验确定固体推进剂临界爆轰压力时,往往假定被测推进剂药柱是在隔板界面附近起爆,忽视了验证板界面会反射强冲击波的特性,这些假定并没有实验进行验证和事实依据。因此,文中对隔板实验中验证板反射的冲击波对冲击起爆影响进行了实验研究,设计了对比验证实验,对比实验结果清楚地消除了验证板反射冲击波影响的不确定性,为以隔板界面入射冲击波压力作为被测推进剂药柱临界爆轰压力提供了可靠依据。     

三种不同面容比模拟积水溶液环境中300M钢的腐蚀行为

基于飞机结构材料300M钢在海洋高湿环境中缝隙部位积水导致的腐蚀损伤问题,研究了300M钢在3种不同面容比模拟积水溶液环境中的腐蚀行为,借助Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱实验探讨了影响腐蚀速率的主要原因。在模拟积水环境中,分析了腐蚀失重、失重速率、损伤度以及腐蚀过程中腐蚀溶液溶解氧浓度、pH值与不同面容比（2、5、20 mL/cm²）之间的关系。结果表明：随材料腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀溶液中的溶解氧浓度降低,pH值上升,而且随面容比的增大,材料的腐蚀失重增加,腐蚀失重速率也增大。Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱结果表明,不同pH值下300M钢耐蚀性的差别导致了不同面容比环境下腐蚀损伤的差异,3种面容比模拟积水环境中腐蚀速率大小为V₂₀>V₅>V₂。