Alleviation of spike stall in axial compressors utilizing grooved casing treatment

This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-w-SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to alleviation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial velocity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge plane and suppressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edge.     

完善税收政策促进经济和谐发展

如何定位税收政策的作用空间并加以完善,使其能够促进经济全面协调发展,已成为税收研究领域的一个重要课题。文章从当前的基本经济运行情况出发,探讨如何通过税收调节内需不足、贫富差距拉大以及产业结构不合理等经济发展不协调的方面,并提出相应的政策措施和建议,以充分发挥税收的杠杆作用,促进收入分配合理化、产业结构升级以及税收和经济的良性发展。     

二元结构中的工资差距、失业与环境问题

以开放经济与贸易的理论模型为基础,对工资差距、失业和环境污染等问题进行综合考量.认为要素禀赋（如非熟练劳动力的数量、熟练劳动力的数量）和相关变量（如城市工业部门的固定工资、对进口工业品的关税政策）的变化会对工资差距、失业和环境产生十分复杂的影响.文章对这些影响进行了系统的理论分析,为制订解决这些问题的经济政策提供理论观点和参考意见.     

我国中继卫星系统在交会对接任务中的应用

我国中继卫星系统在交会对接任务中得到了成功应用,显著提升了测控通信覆盖率,充分体现了中继卫星系统在交会对接任务测控通信中发挥的重要作用.结合中继卫星系统特点,分析交会对接任务对中继卫星系统的任务需求;探讨了中继卫星捕获跟踪用户目标、对用户目标测定轨、着陆场直升机缝隙通信等关键技术;最后总结了中继卫星系统抗雨衰影响、多目标支持能力、应急支持能力等方面的经验做法,并提出了后续改进和完善的建议.     

较小功率脉冲YAG激光填丝焊接技术的研究

介绍了利用较小功率脉冲YAG激光做热导焊接的激光填丝焊接技术;并讨论了微型结构件的激光 填丝焊接方法;给出了利用脉冲YAG激光做微型结构件的激光填丝焊接的较佳焊接工艺。     

The structure of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray 11-year variation

Two phenomena connected with the maximum phase of the 11-year solar cycle in the galactic cosmic ray intensity – the change in the energy dependence of the intensity variations and the double-peak structure in the intensity modulation time profile – are considered for the last five solar cycles (Nos. 19–23). The distinct 22-year cycle in the magnitude of the so called energy hysteresis is observed.The periods of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, characterized by the specific energy dependence of the intensity, are estimated. It is found that the double-peak structures belonging to the solar cycle maximum phase and those around it are very similar both in the amplitude and in its energy dependence.     

相对突扩间隙影响压力损失的研究

相对突扩间隙δ是影响短突扩扩压器与火焰筒相互匹配的重要参数，直接影响前置扩压器流场，燃烧室三股流的流量分配等。通过对相对突扩间隙影响压力损失的试验和数值模拟研究，获得了总压损失系数相对突扩间隙的变化规律：随相对突扩间隙（δ＝1.2-3.0)由小到大的变化，总压损失系数先变小，后增加，即存在最佳的相对突扩间隙，使得压力损失有最小值。     

多腔室凹槽对涡轮叶顶流动传热特性影响的数值研究

现代航空发动机为获得更大输出功率和推重比,涡轮进口温度不断提高,因此高温燃气在无围带动叶叶顶间隙的泄漏引起叶顶热负荷急剧增加,甚至导致叶片烧蚀、失效,严重影响涡轮运行安全。为降低叶顶热负荷,抑制泄漏流,本文以GE-E3第一级叶栅为研究对象,通过求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS）方程和湍流模型研究了多腔室凹槽对叶顶流动传热性能的影响。研究结果表明:在多腔室凹槽中,叶顶换热系数随着叶顶空腔数量的增加而逐渐减小,凹槽腔室内刮削涡可有效降低泄漏流量。格栅结构在凹槽中起到“气动篦齿”作用,在0至20%的流向区域内泄漏流控制效果显著。Case7的叶顶换热系数最小,比Case1降低了40.44％;Case2和Case3可显著抑制叶顶泄漏量,与Case1相比分别降低了33.82％、28.90％。     

应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO2径流式透平性能探究

为研究应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO₂（SCO₂）径流式透平整机性能,基于RANS（雷诺时均）模型,对透平整机系统内部流场进行数值模拟,获得了SCO₂径流式透平整机在起动、升速、自持及额定工况下的运行情况,并针对出口压力变化分析了透平非设计工况下的性能。模拟结果表明：透平起动工况下会发生运行失稳,产生“倒吸”现象且通道内出现大面积的低速区域,但随转速增加流动趋于稳定;叶顶间隙的泄漏流会对透平的性能产生不利影响,额定工况下0.5 mm的间隙使透平减少近47 kW的功率输出,等熵效率降低6%左右;轮背密封可以起到良好密封作用,密封引入气还提高了透平整机的功率和效率;在偏离设计点工况运行时,透平可以有效应对出口压力的变化;通过对比简化通道和全周通道的仿真数据,透平轴功率和等熵效率的误差均在0.5%以内,可知应用简化通道模型仿真能够保证计算精度。因此,在SCO₂径流式透平的仿真与应用过程中,研究人员要注重透平低速起动工况下的运行,以及叶顶间隙对这种小尺寸高转速透平机性能的影响。