Influence of ionospheric perturbations in GPS time and frequency transfer

The stability of GPS time and frequency transfer is limited by the fact that GPS signals travel through the ionosphere. In high precision geodetic time transfer (i.e. based on precise modeling of code and carrier phase GPS data), the so-called ionosphere-free combination of the code and carrier phase measurements made on the two frequencies is used to remove the first-order ionospheric effect. In this paper, we investigate the impact of residual second- and third-order ionospheric effects on geodetic time transfer solutions i.e. remote atomic clock comparisons based on GPS measurements, using the ATOMIUM software developed at the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB). The impact of third-order ionospheric effects was shown to be negligible, while for second-order effects, the tests performed on different time links and at different epochs show a small impact of the order of some picoseconds, on a quiet day, and up to more than 10 picoseconds in case of high ionospheric activity. The geomagnetic storm of the 30th October 2003 is used to illustrate how space weather products are relevant to understand perturbations in geodetic time and frequency transfer.     

Analysis of the DORIS contributions to ITRF2008

In its function as an ITRS Combination Centre, DGFI is in charge with the computation of an ITRF2008 solution. The computation methodology of DGFI is based on the combination of datum-free normal equations (weekly or session data sets, respectively) of station positions and Earth orientation parameters (EOP) from the geodetic space techniques DORIS, GPS, SLR and VLBI. In this paper we focus on the DORIS part within the ITRF2008 computations. We present results obtained from the analysis of the DORIS time series for station positions, network translation and scale parameters, as well as for the terrestrial pole coordinates. The submissions to ITRF2008 benefit from improved analysis strategies of the seven contributing IDS analysis centres and from a combination of the weekly solutions of station positions and polar motion. The results show an improvement by a factor of two compared to past DORIS data submitted to ITRF2005, which has been evaluated by investigating the repeatabilities of position time series. The DORIS position time series were analysed w.r.t. discontinuities and other non-linear effects such as seasonal variations. About 40 discontinuities have been identified which have been compared with the results of an earlier study. Within the inter-technique combination we focus on the DORIS contribution to the integration of the different space geodetic observations and on a comparison of the geodetic local ties with the space geodetic solutions. Results are given for the 41 co-location sites between DORIS and GPS.     

试析马克思理论体系的两个思想资源

除了常说的三大理论来源以外,马克思的理论体系的形成还有很多丰富的思想资源,其中,基督教和<圣经>传统、古希腊神话和西方文学作品对马克思科学世界观、人生观、价值观的形成产生了深刻影响,马克思对他们采取了批判的借鉴的态度,从中汲取了丰富的营养,成为马克思理论体系重要的思想资源.     

迟到131年的证明:普适时间反演不变性禁止任何可逆性

指出并纠正了物理学中关于时间反演的科学观念问题上的错误.根据物理学中的时间反演的定义,经过严格数学逻辑推理证明并应用了图示加以说明;证明了任何物理过程的时间反演过程是原过程的空间图像本身.还证明了所有物理理论都具有时间反演不变性,即在物理学中,时间反演不变性是普适的.物理理论的时间反演不变性不表示以往理论所认为的是过程的可逆性.同时指出,历来把物理过程的时间反演过程看作原过程的逆过程,并解释为原过程电影的倒映是错误的.历来把时间反演不变性看作过程的可逆性也是完全错误的.物理学中不存在由时间反演导致的可逆性.由此消除了物理学中如"可逆佯谬"这样的矛盾,使物理学变得完美和统一.最后解释了时间反演的物理图像,指出了时间反演变换的物理意义.     

将日本文化融入到二外日语教学的始终

每一种语言的形成和发展都与其社会环境密切相连，语言同时反映出一个国家和民族的历史和文化。从这个层面上说，教授语言同时也是在教授文化，学习语言的同时也是在学习文化。一个科学的语言教学体系，必须将文化教学紧密融入到语言的教学当中。鉴于当前的高校二外日语教学中鲜有独立开设日本文化课的情况，将日本文化融入到二外日语教学的始终，将会有效帮助学生在有限的学习时间里取得良好的学习效果。本文针对现阶段高校二外日语教学的特点，探讨了在日本文化背景下进行二外日语教学的重要性，并提出了一些文化导入的内容与方法。     

数列与级数收敛性判定的一个注记

数列xnm^（k）～rnm^（k）＋q审敛原理是数列xnm～rnm＋p审敛原理更加一般性的推广，进一步扩大了数列xnm～rnm＋p审敛原理的适用范围；利用数列xnm～rnm＋p印审敛原理还得到了判别数列收敛性的“子列～局部夹”准则。     

材料成型及控制专业“以赛促教，以赛促学”的教学改革探索

专业竞赛是培养学生创新能力和实践能力的一个重要手段。近几年来，我们组织材料成型及控制专业学生参加了各类竞赛，积累了经验，对材料成型及控制专业进行了以赛促教，以赛促学的教学改革探索。     

Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites,global and regional mean sea level trends

During the last decade a significant progress has been reached in the investigation of the gravity field of the Earth. Besides static, also time variable geopotential models have been recently created. In this paper we investigate the impact of the recent time variable geopotential models on altimetry satellite orbits and such altimetry products based on these orbits, as global and regional mean sea level trends. We show that the modeling of time variable gravity improves the orbit solutions, at least for the GRACE period where time variable gravity is sufficiently accurately observed by this mission. Our analysis includes six geopotential models jointly developed by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Space Geodesy Research Group (CNES/GRGS) Toulouse: the stationary model EIGEN-GL04S, a stationary version of EIGEN-6S (EIGEN-6S_stat), a corrected version of EIGEN-6S and three enhanced versions of EIGEN-6S called EIGEN-6S2, EIGEN-6S2A and EIGEN-6S2B. By “stationary” we mean “containing periodic parameters such as annual and semi-annual variations, but no secular (drift) terms”. We computed precise orbits for the radar altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Envisat over 20 years between 1991 and 2011. The orbit, single-mission and multi-mission altimetry crossover analyses show that the time variable models EIGEN-6S_corrected, EIGEN-6S2 and its two precursors EIGEN-6S2A/B perform notably better than the stationary models for the GRACE period from 2003 onwards. Thus, using EIGEN-6S2 and EIGEN-6S2A/B we have got 3.6% smaller root mean square fits of satellite laser ranging observations for Envisat, as when using EIGEN-GL04S. However, for the pre-GRACE period 1991–2003, the stationary geopotential models EIGEN-GL04S and EIGEN-6S_stat as well as EIGEN-6S2 having no drift terms for degree 3–50 at this time interval perform superior compared to EIGEN-6S_correct and EIGEN-6S2A/B which contain drifts for this period. We found, that the time variable geopotential models have a low (0.1–0.2 mm/yr) impact on our results for the global mean sea level trend. However, we found strong East/West differences up to 3 mm/yr in the regional mean sea level trends when using orbits of all four satellites based on time variable and stationary geopotential models. We show that these differences are related to the relative drifts of the centers-of-origin between the orbit solutions based on the time variable and stationary geopotential models. From the results of our detailed study, we conclude that the final version of the time variable gravity field model EIGEN-6S2 performs best for the four satellites tested. This model provides the most reliable and mission-consistent sea level estimates for the whole time period from 1992 to 2010. This model is of maximum spherical harmonic degree and order 260 and contains time series for drifts as well as annual and semiannual variations of the spherical harmonic coefficients for degree 2–50.     

清代丛书汇辑小学著作论略

清代小学研究发达,丛书收录小学著作的数量非常可观。综合性丛书收录小学著作,自《四库全书》以后,较明代有了较大发展。专科丛书在《说文》学著作和音韵学著作的汇辑上最为突出。此外,由于清代辑佚学的兴盛,辑佚类丛书中收录小学著作的数量也比较多。清代丛书汇集小学著作,对清代以来的语言学及语言学史研究,是重要的文献基础,具有很高的学术价值。     

基于增量学习的高光谱图像目标检测

高光谱图像目标检测是高光谱图像分析中的重要研究内容之一。本文从经典有效的约束能量最小化算法出发,提出了一种基于增量学习的高光谱目标检测方法。当获得新的样本时,不需要重新计算所有样本的自相关矩阵即可对检测器模型进行更新,减轻了星上有限计算资源的负担。实验结果表明:本文提出的目标检测算法在压制背景光谱的同时可以更好地适应目标光谱,提高了算法的检测性能。