On the ability of sliding mode and LQR controllers optimized with PSO in attitude control of a flexible 4-DOF satellite with time-varying payload

Precise pointing of the satellite and its payload is essential in the accurate accomplishment of a space mission. In this study, the system of a satellite and its payload are considered as 4-DOF equations of motion. The time-varying payload can observe one direction of the Earth independently, and the satellite can point to the Earth station by its 3-DOF motions simultaneously. Sliding mode and LQR controllers are designed for damping disturbances, and consequently high pointing accuracy. Environmental disturbances and the associated time delay of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are applied to the system. An algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to find the optimum values of variables and Normalized Integral Square Error (NISE) of the two aforementioned controllers. Numerical simulations indicate the optimized magnitudes of target detection errors and control efforts in four directions. The results revealed that PSO-SMC can finely track the time-varying payload and has better efficiency in comparison with PSO-LQR.     

Time delay of ionospheric TEC storms to geomagnetic storms and pre-storm disturbance events in East Asia

Using the TEC data at Beijing (39.61°N, 115.89°E)/Yakutsk (62.03°N, 129.68°E) stations of East Asia regions and relevant geomagnetic data from 2010 to 2017, we have studied the time delay of ionospheric storms to geomagnetic storms and compare it with our previous results of Taoyuan (25.02°N, 121.21°E) station (Zhang et al., 2020). The data shows a well-known local time dependence of the time delay, and seasonal dependences are different at these stations. In addition, there is no correlation between the time delay and the magnetic storm intensity /solar activity, except the time delay of negative storms has weakly negative dependence on the solar activity. Comparing with the results of Taoyuan station which is located at EIA region in East Asia, we find that the time delay increases nonlinearly as the latitude decreases due to different ionospheric backgrounds at these places. Moreover, the pre-storm disturbance events are found to have similar statistical characteristics as the pre-storm enhancement in Europe middle latitudes (Bure?ová and La?tovi?ka, 2007). By subtracting the common features of the pre-storm disturbance events, we preliminarily infer that auroral activity might be main driver of the pre-storm disturbance events.     

一种捷联惯导系统加速度计时间延迟参数标定方法

针对光学陀螺捷联惯导系统(SINS)中石英挠性加速度计相对光学陀螺仪低频输出相位特性不一致引起的时延问题，研究了一种加速度计时间延迟参数标定方法。在滚转角运动环境下，对影响导航速度的初始对准误差、加速度计测量误差和陀螺仪测量误差进行了详细分析，建立了各个误差源与导航速度误差的关系式；结合50型激光捷联惯导系统的精度指标和滚转轴“指北”条件，对导航速度误差方程进行优化，实现时间延迟参数的标定和补偿。通过数学仿真校验了标定方案的可行性，作为后续深入研究的基础。     

WR 技术的发展与应用

本文介绍一种在精密时钟同步协议（PTP）的基础上发展而来的新技术——WR 技术（White Rabbit，白兔）。WR 联合同步以太网以及双混频时差法测量手段，通过对主从时钟间链路环路延迟的不间断高精度的测量，后以测量结果对从时钟的时钟信息进行动态校准，主从时钟的同步精度达到亚纳秒甚至皮秒级。文章先引出WR的发展历史，以及WR 中所包含的主要技术，并介绍目前WR 在某些科学领域所发挥的作用，最后提出WR 未来在其他领域的应用。     

Closed form algorithm of double-satellite TDOA+AOA localization based on WGS-84 model

In this paper, we consider the double-satellite localization under the earth ellipsoid model of the Wideband Geodetic System(WGS-84) using the Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA)and the Angle-of-Arrival(AOA).Several closed-form solution algorithms via the pseudolinearization of the measurement equations are presented to efficiently estimate the location.These algorithms include the Weighted Least Squares(WLS), the Constrained Total Least Squares(CTLS), and the Taylor-Series Iteration(TSI).Performance comparison of the proposed methods with the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) in the simulation is shown to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are feasible and have stable performance.     

Impact of reduced frequency on the time lag in pressure distribution over a supercritical airfoil in a pitch-pause-return motion

Effects of reduced frequency, stop angle, and pause duration have been studied on a thin supercritical airfoil undergoing a pitch-pause-return motion, which is one of the classic maneuvers introduced by the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at both a constant mean angle of attack and an oscillation amplitude with a reduced frequency ranging from 0.01 to 0.12. The desired stop angles of the airfoil were set to occur during the upstroke motion. The unsteady pressure distribution on the airfoil was measured for below, near, and beyond static stall conditions. Results showed that the reduced frequency and stop angle were the dominant contributors to the time lag in the flowfield. For stop angles in both below- and post-stall regions, the time for the flowfield to reach its steady state conditions, known as the time lag, decreased as the reduced frequency was increased. However, in the static-stall region and for a certain value of reduced frequency, a resonance phenomenon was observed, and a minimum time lag was achieved. The pressure distribution in this condition was shown to be highly influenced by this phenomenon.     

轨道误差对空间站高精度时间比对的影响分析及修正方法

针对空间站飞行轨道的特点，从理论上分析了空间站轨道误差对单向和共视时间比对的影响，并通过仿真试验对理论分析结果进行校验，研究结果表明轨道误差对空间站时间比对的影响在几百皮秒量级，是影响空间站时间比对精度的主要误差源。提出一种适用于两个地面站间进行高精度时间比对的空间站轨道误差修正方法，通过仿真试验校验了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明，该方法能有效修正空间站轨道误差，实现精度在几十皮秒量级的两地面站间的超高精度时间比对，比对基线可达上千千米。     

装备时延校准及监控技术研究CSCD

装备时延校准误差是靶场测控系统中事件记录和交会定位的重要误差因素,其精确校准是实现装备时间同步的关键技术。针对装备时延问题展开研究,提出了一种物理含义清晰、易于测量的装备时延定义,实现了离散站点装备时延校准,验证了基于改进型B码的装备时延校准监控的有效性。试验结果表明,时延校准的精度达到了十微秒量级。     

温度传感器时间常数测试技术发展现状与分析

总结了近年来温度传感器时间常数测试技术的发展现状，包括各种测试方法的工作原理、系统结构及研究成果。根据热源及测试装置的特点对现有测试方法进行了分类，并进行了不同测试方法的对比分析，指出了不同测试方法的优点和适用性。基于当前温度传感器微纳化和高速响应的发展趋势，结合行业发展需求，提出了温度传感器高速动态响应测试技术研究应注意的问题和发展方向。     

Quality assessment of sub-Nyquist recovery from future gravity satellite missions

Drawing on experience from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data analysis, the scientific challenges were already identified in several studies. Any future mission should focus on improvement in both precision and resolution in space and time. For future gravity missions which use high quality sensors, aliasing of high frequency time-variable geophysical signals to the lower frequency signals is one of the most serious problems. The aliasing problem and the spatio-temporal resolution are mainly restricted by two sampling theorems describing the space-time sampling of satellite missions: (i) a Heisenberg-like uncertainty theorem which states that the product of spatial resolution and time resolution is constant, and (ii) the Colombo–Nyquist rule (CNR), which requires the number of satellite revolutions in a repeat period to be at least twice a given maximum spherical harmonic degree. The CNR holds under the assumption of equal ground-track spacing, and limits the spatial resolution of the gravity solution.