基于UKF的高动态飞行器无源组合导航系统研究

针对飞行器在进行高动态飞行中卫星导航系统易受干扰、GPS可能被屏蔽,从而导致导航系统失稳甚至发散的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法对基于捷联惯导系统(SINS)、地磁导航系统(GNS)和嵌入式大气数据系统(FADS)的组合无源导航系统性能进行了改进.建立了地磁数据模型和无源组合导航模型,并针对新的组合导航系统观测方程非线性程度较高问题,提出了利用非线性UKF对导航数据进行融合的方法.利用高动态飞行轨迹对所提出的组合导航系统进行了仿真及误差分析,结果表明该系统对SINS误差估计具有适中的精度.     

Comparison of strapdown inertial navigation algorithm based on rotation vector and dual quaternion

 For the navigation algorithm of the strapdown inertial navigation system, by comparing to the equations of the dual quaternion and quaternion, the superiority of the attitude algorithm based on dual quaternion over the ones based on rotation vector in accuracy is analyzed in the case of the rotation of navigation frame. By comparing the update algorithm of the gravitational velocity in dual quaternion solution with the compensation algorithm of the harmful acceleration in traditional velocity solution, the accuracy advantage of the gravitational velocity based on dual quaternion is addressed. In view of the idea of the attitude and velocity algorithm based on dual quaternion, an improved navigation algorithm is proposed, which is as much as the rotation vector algorithm in computational complexity. According to this method, the attitude quaternion does not require compensating as the navigation frame rotates. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, simulations are carried out utilizing the software, and the simulation results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is approximately equal to the dual quaternion algorithm.     

捷联惯性导航系统高精度动态仿真算法

由于飞行器动态模型航迹生成算法与惯性导航系统算法原理存在差异,无法直接仿真分析惯性传感器不同误差特性对惯性导航系统动态性能的影响.基于飞行器动态模型航迹数据,提出一种捷联惯性导航系统高精度动态仿真实现方法,设计了惯导参数动态计算误差并行补偿方案,实现了对导航系统动态仿真过程中导航参数计算误差的有效分离.在搭建的仿真平台上,有效验证了所提出仿真方法的性能,为实际惯性传感器选型和指标选择提供支撑.     

惯性/里程计组合导航无地标行进中自主对准

载车行进中自主对准可有效缩短机动前准备时间,提高姿态对准精度以及对准过程中无地标自主定位精度是关键。本文提出一种里程计辅助捷联惯导系统行进中对准算法,推导了行进中精对准滤波模型以及对准过程中无地标自主定位算法。为缩短对准时间、减小由于航向角误差未收敛时造成的定位误差,利用回溯法将粗对准过程存储数据用于精对准过程,且回溯法仅需存储少量数据适合于工程应用。车载实测数据分析表明算法可同时实现行进中自主对准与对准过程中无地标自主定位,有效提高了载车快速机动能力,航向角对准精度优于1 mil,对准过程中无地标自主定位精度优于0.3%行程。     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

基于 Matlab的 GPS/SINS紧组合仿真实现

首先,对不同的GPS／SINS组合模式进行了分析;在此基础上针对基于伪距、伪距率的紧组合导航系统进行研究,建立了系统的状态方程和量测方程,并用Matlab进行了仿真实现。在系统的仿真实现中,由于很难获得全面真实的导航飞行轨迹数据,文章采用一种纯数学形式的解析方法来产生飞行轨迹数据,因而系统的仿真包括3部分：轨迹发生器、GPS仿真子系统、SINS仿真子系统。仿真结果表明,GPS／SINS紧组合导航系统能够有效地提高系统的导航精度,用纯数学形式的解析方法来产生飞行轨迹数据是可行的、有效的。     

一种基于小波变换的伪码跟踪环路多径抑制方法

多径效应是GPS等卫星导航系统的重要误差源之一,严重影响导航系统的性能。针对多径效应,在分析了多径信号模型和伪码自相关函数特征的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的多径抑制方法。该方法利用自相关函数曲线斜率突变点位置不受多径信号影响的特性,通过小波变换检测其斜率突变点位置,进而利用得到的鉴相误差调整码相位,达到多径抑制的目的。仿真结果表明,该方法不受多径条数的影响,鉴相结果更准确,多径抑制能力得到显著提高。
     

基于相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位技术

在网络中心战条件下,针对无GPS(Global Positioning System)时如何提高机群的导航定位精度问题,构建了以机载数据链和惯导系统为核心的协同定位系统,设计了协同定位系统的测距方案,分析了协同定位过程中的时间同步问题,提出了一种基于机间相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位方法.该方法利用几何图形平移旋转来估计机群各飞机的惯导系统定位误差.仿真表明:该方法可以用于长时间估计惯导位置误差,有效延缓惯导位置误差的发散速度,当5架飞机协同定位时,机群惯导位置精度将提高2倍左右.     

新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.