Advance of interplanetary physics study in China: 2008—2010

Interplanetary physics study is an important ingredient in space weather research. Considerable progress this aspect has been achieved by the space physics community of China in recent years. This brief report summarizes the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2008--2010. This report includes solar corona and solar wind, interplanetary transients, energetic particles, MHD simulation, space plasma, and prediction methods for physical phenomena originating from both solar corona and interplanetary space.      

天基光学传感器动态成像配准方法研究

图像配准是天基光学动态成像处理中的关键技术,在遥感侦察等领域有着重要应用。对星空背景和地球大气背景下天基目标探测中的图像配准问题进行研究。针对星图配准建立了部分平均Hausdorff距离(PMHD),并定义了一种新的相似性匹配测度,利用序贯岭回归估计方法实现快速配准;针对地球大气背景图像配准,通过改进的Harris角点检测亚像素定位提取特征点集,基于PMHD利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法实现图像的精确配准。仿真实验表明:提出的星图配准方法具有实时性和亚象元配准精度,联合PMHD和PSO的大气图像配准具有良好的配准精度和较强的抗噪干扰能力。     

煤油凝胶单液滴燃烧特性试验

利用二氧化碳激光器点火装置及高分辨率高速成像系统,开展了煤油凝胶单液滴在空气中的点火燃烧试验,观察了凝胶液滴在燃烧过程中的形态变化,为进行凝胶冲压发动机的总体设计提供依据。试验结果表明,煤油凝胶液滴的燃烧经历了煤油的蒸发燃烧、气泡产生、胶凝层形成、胶凝层破裂、微爆等物理化学过程,基本满足D²定律。分析了胶凝剂含量、硼含量对含硼煤油凝胶燃烧过程的影响。当硼含量一定时,随着胶凝剂含量的增加,含硼凝胶的稳定燃烧相对时间增加,但微爆过程更加剧烈;当胶凝剂含量一定时,随着硼含量的增加,含硼凝胶液滴的稳定燃烧相对时间缩短,微爆现象更加剧烈。     

一种航空发动机滚动轴承磨损故障监测技术

针对航空发动机滚动轴承磨损状态监测对长轴尺寸大于10μm的故障敏感磨粒检测的需要,研制了多功能油液磨粒智能检测与诊断系统,克服了传统光谱分析对大磨粒不敏感的缺点,以及传统铁谱分析检测步骤烦琐的不足,可直接对流动的油液中大于10μm的运动磨粒进行检测.提出了油液运动磨粒的7个数字特征参数及其识别策略,实现了磨粒的自动识别,识别率基本上达到99%以上.利用实际的航空发动机油样进行了试验验证,并与传统光谱分析进行了对比,试验结果表明该系统较光谱分析具有更强的检测力和更优的时效性.      

聚集状态对固体火箭发动机颗粒粒度分布的影响

开展了聚集状态下颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了聚集度和压强对粒度分布的影响规律.聚集状态的颗粒利用收缩管装置产生,采用一种颗粒收集方法对颗粒进行收集,并冻结其形态,对收集到的颗粒采用激光粒度分析仪进行了粒度分析.研究结果表明,聚集状态下颗粒平均粒度比常规条件下大很多,分布范围也较常规条件下宽得多,粒度分布曲线呈双峰或多峰分布,主峰比重很大;颗粒聚集度增大,颗粒粒度平均值增大,大粒度颗粒比重增加;颗粒粒度随燃烧室压强增大而增大.     

Particle image velocimetry for combustion measurements: Applications and developments

In the last several decades, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has reached a high degree of maturity as a laser diagnostic technique based on tracer particles, with significant improvements in accuracy, resolution, dynamic range, and as an extension to combustion measurements. To assess the recent developments and to project the future trends of using the PIV technique for combustion measurements, we review many key issues for measuring combustion flow fields. We introduce the representative applications of a supersonic combustor and swirling burner and summarize the promising prospects and further development requirements of PIV measurements in combustion flow fields.     

Multi-case Study of Current Sheet Flapping Motions Induced by Non-adiabatic Ions

In this paper, the y-component of magnetic field line curvature in the plasma sheet was analyzed, and two kinds of shear structures of the flapping current sheet were found, i.e. symmetric and antisymmetric. The alternating bending orientations of the guiding field are exactly corresponding to alternating north-south asymmetries of the bouncing ion population in the sheet center. Those alternating asymmetric plasma sources consequently induce the current sheet flapping motion as a driver. In addition, a substantial particle population with downward motion was observed in the center of a bifurcated current sheet. This population is identified as the quasi-adiabatic particles, and provides a net current opposite to the conventional cross-tail current.      

不同初始温度下等离子体对H2/Air混合物燃烧影响

等离子体助燃过程是一个非平衡的,瞬时的,极不均匀的物理化学过程,活性粒子在等离子体助燃计算中是一个关键难题。文章建立H2/Air燃烧的化学动力学模型,计算与分析了在非平衡等离子体条件下,气体放电产生的活性粒子(O,H)和活性基(OH)在不同初始温度下对燃烧过程中参与燃烧的组分以及温度和压力的影响,为航空发动机燃烧室等离子体助燃实验研究和实际应用提供理论依据。数学模型的计算结果表明等离子体助燃可以提高反应效率,缩短延迟时间,增加燃烧温度,火焰传播速率,强烈影响H2/Air混合物燃烧效果。     

Charged particle dynamics in the combined field of two rotating magnetic dipoles: A numerical investigation of the parametric effect on the equatorial motions

In this contribution we study some aspects of the dynamics of a charged particle in the field produced by two magnetic dipoles that rotate in circular orbits around their common center of mass under their mutual Newtonian attraction. More precisely, we numerically investigate the evolution of the regions of the particle motion on the equatorial plane of each dipole and we explore their parametric variation. We focus our investigation on those problem parameters that are related with the magnetic fields and the masses of the primaries. The obtained preliminary results show that for each particular set of the above parameters and for certain values of energy these regions are bounded, and therefore the motion of the particle is confined inside them.     

December 2006 solar extreme events and their influence on the near-Earth space environment: “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” satellite observations

The Russian microsatellite “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” was launched on Jan. 20, 2005 and was both a scientific and educational mission. Its two main aims were declared as: (1) monitoring of the energetic particles dynamics in the near-Earth space environment after solar events and during quiet times, (2) educational activities based on experimental data obtained from the spacecraft. In this paper observations acquired during Dec. 5–16, 2006, known as “Solar Extreme Events 2006”, were analyzed. The “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” microsatellite orbit permits one to measure both solar energetic particle dynamics, variations of the boundary of solar particle penetration, as well as relativistic and sub-relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt during and after magnetic storms. Both relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation and solar energetic particles are an important source of radiation damage in near-Earth space. Therefore, the presented experimental results demonstrate the successful application of a small educational spacecraft both for scientific and educational programs.