“嫦娥4号”中继星伞状可展开天线设计与验证

伞状可展开天线是"嫦娥4号"中继星为着陆于月球背面的"嫦娥4号"着陆器和巡视器提供中继通信的关键单机。对伞状可展开天线的设计原理和构造进行了描述,对天线在轨展开、网面成型与保持、超低温环境适应性等技术难点开展了分析。天线在轨展开采用缓释弹簧分布式驱动展开技术,具有布局灵活、轻便、安装体积小、可靠性高的优点,并开展了寿命、热真空环境展开等试验,验证了天线展开技术的正确性;采用双层网结构设计形式实现天线网面成型与保持,优化了张力网节点数量,开展了型面精度测试和型面在轨热变形预示,验证了天线在轨型面精度达到亚毫米级的设计指标,进一步确保了天线在轨性能满足任务要求;天线部组件最低温度达到–250℃的超低温环境验证结果,表明天线经历超低温环境存储后,结构无损坏,性能无下降,满足天线在轨环境适应性的要求,有效地支撑了"嫦娥4号"中继星中继通信任务的顺利执行。     

面向映射单调性的TC4初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法

随着被检对象微观组织结构复杂信息的增加,以误差最小为目标来建立有效的评价曲线越来越难,针对这一问题提出了一种以单调性为目标的TC4钛合金初生α相晶粒尺寸超声评价方法。依据相关性度量从多个超声参数中选取有效参数,经映射函数降成单维参数并归一化处理后与晶粒尺寸进行一次项拟合,构建以单调性（特征参数样本点依次序列差值同时为正或为负）最大为目标的优化问题并结合自适应差分进化（SADE）算法进行求解,寻找最佳的映射函数和拟合函数系数,最终建立映射单调性的多参数超声评价模型。实验结果表明,因考虑了单调性的重要性且与误差为目标的评价模型相比,所建模型的评价效应更显优势。与单一参数的声速模型、衰减系数模型和非线性系数模型对比分析,所建模型误差小、单调性好、性能稳定且有着评价结果精度高等特点。     

基于PSD的并联微定位平台位姿检测方法

位置姿态（以下简称位姿）检测是研究六自由度定位平台的技术难点之一,为了快速准确测量六自由度并联微定位平台的位姿,验证平台的定位精度,基于多片二维PSD光电位置传感器设计了六自由度光学位姿检测系统。依据几何光学理论,建立了六自由度位姿解算的数学模型。通过仿真计算,该算法可以快速准确解算六自由度定位平台位姿。进一步分析了该模型在考虑存在测量误差时的理论计算误差,结果表明,基于二维PSD位置传感器的六自由度光学位姿检测系统在解算六自由度定位平台位姿的同时,具备较高的测量精度。     

N-fold Bernoulli probability based adaptive fast-tracking algorithm and its application to autonomous aerial refuelling

Recently, deep learning has been widely utilized for object tracking tasks. However, deep learning encounters limits in tasks such as Autonomous Aerial Refueling (AAR), where the target object can vary substantially in size, requiring high-precision real-time performance in embedded systems. This paper presents a novel embedded adaptiveness single-object tracking framework based on an improved YOLOv4 detection approach and an n-fold Bernoulli probability theorem. First, an Asymmetric Convolutional Network (ACNet) and dense blocks are combined with the YOLOv4 architecture to detect small objects with high precision when similar objects are in the background. The prior object information, such as its location in the previous frame and its speed, is utilized to adaptively track objects of various sizes. Moreover, based on the n-fold Bernoulli probability theorem, we develop a filter that uses statistical laws to reduce the false positive rate of object tracking. To evaluate the efficiency of our algorithm, a new AAR dataset is collected, and extensive AAR detection and tracking experiments are performed. The results demonstrate that our improved detection algorithm is better than the original YOLOv4 algorithm on small and similar object detection tasks; the object tracking algorithm is better than state-of-the-art object tracking algorithms on refueling drogue tracking tasks.     

灵巧型大孔径四反星敏感器镜头设计

星敏感器镜头是星敏感器姿态轨道控制系统的重要组成部分，具有相对孔径大、工作谱段宽、绝对畸变低的特点，针对这些特点，在四反射镜初始结构的基础上，分析了镜头探测能力和相对孔径的关系，明确了镜头设计指标，利用非球面反射镜强大的像差校正能力，优化设计得到了全反射4反星敏感器镜头。镜头焦距170mm，轴向长度50mm，镜头F数2，等效入瞳直径51.2mm，圆视场±2.25°。镜头工作波段可由膜系决定，无色差，空间频率35lp/mm处传递函数优于0.6，畸变优于0.01%，弥散斑直径优于13μm，系统15μm范围内能量集中度优于80%，渐晕系数小于0.95，该镜头可用于亚像素精度的飞船姿态轨道控制系统，为星敏感器导航光学系统设计提供了参考。     

航天用FR4 材料的本征电导率测试

介质材料电导率是影响卫星充电过程的重要材料参数,它决定着航天器上电荷的分布状态以及电流平 衡建立的快慢。常规的电导率测量方法完全不考虑空间真实带电环境,其测试结果用于卫星带电防护设计将会产生 较大的误差。本文建立了用传统三电极法和电荷衰减法测试介质材料本征电导率的测试系统,对卫星常用的FR4 材 料进行了测试,测试结果与国外的结果相近。     

Validity assessment of SAMOSA retracking for fully-focused SAR altimeter waveforms

We demonstrate in this work how we can take advantage of known unfocused SAR (UF-SAR) retracking methods (e.g. the physical SAMOSA model) for retracking of fully-focused SAR (FF-SAR) waveforms. Our insights are an important step towards consistent observations of sea surface height, significant wave height and backscatter coefficient (wind speed) with both UF-SAR and FF-SAR. This is of particular interest for SAR altimetry in the coastal zone, since coastal clutter may be filtered out more efficiently in the high-resolution FF-SAR waveform data, which has the potential to improve data quality. We implemented a multi-mission FF-SAR altimetry processor for Sentinel-3 (S3) and Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (S6), using a back-projection algorithm, and analysed ocean waveform statistics compared to multilooked UF-SAR. We find for Sentinel-3 that the averaged power waveforms of UF-SAR and FF-SAR over ocean are virtually identical, while for Sentinel-6 the FF-SAR power waveforms better resemble the UF-SAR zero-Doppler beam. We can explain and model the similarities and differences in the data via theoretical considerations of the waveform integrals. These findings suggest to use the existing UF-SAR SAMOSA model for retracking S3 FF-SAR waveforms but the SAMOSA zero-Doppler beam model for S6 FF-SAR waveforms, instead. Testing the outlined approach over short track segments, we obtain range biases between UF-SAR and FF-SAR lower than 2 mm and significant wave height biases lower than 5 cm.     

Si粉特性对反应烧结Si3N4多孔陶瓷的强韧性及介电性能的调控作用

Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷具有优异的力学性能、介电性能、热学性能和化学稳定性等，特别适用于高温、大载荷、强侵蚀环境下的宽频透波材料。反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷在性能、工艺和成本方面优势显著，原料Si粉特性显著控制着其物相、显微结构、力学和介电性能。本文以不同粒径和纯度的Si粉为原料制备注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷。结果表明，双粒径配料使素坯产生紧密堆积效应，其遗传并进一步演化出两级显微组织强韧化机制，双粒径配料5 & 45 μm时的弯曲强度和断裂功获得最大值109.94 MPa和990.74 J/m²。该值分别比单粒径配料5和45 μm时的值提高了111.42%、25.97%和46.55%、20.46%；介电常数和介电损耗分别约为4.20和0.007。注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N₄多孔陶瓷可以兼顾力学性能和介电性能，适用于透波罩等异形、大尺寸构件。     

Electrochemical behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy under rotating condition with periodically fluctuating current density

Titanium alloy plays a crucial role in the electrochemical field due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The passivation and dissolution behaviors of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V（TA15） alloy in Na Cl solution were studied by simulating the electrochemical machining process in a rotating condition, which made the anode in a state with alternating high and low current density. Electron probe micro analysis, ultra-depth microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were u...     

Ergodic sum rate for uplink NOMA transmission in satellite-aerial-ground integrated networks

The application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology into satellite-aerial-ground integrated networks can meet the requirements of ultra-high rate and massive connectivity for the Sixth-Generation (6G) communication systems. We consider an uplink NOMA scenario for such a satellite-aerial-ground integrated network where multiple users communicate with satellite under the help of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as an aerial relay equipped with a phased array. Supposing that buffer-aided decode-and-forward protocol is adopted at the UAV relay, we first formulate an optimization problem to maximize Ergodic Sum Rate (ESR) of the considered system subject to individual power constraint and quality-of-service constraint of each user. Then, with known imperfect channel state information of each user, we propose a joint power allocation and robust Beam Forming (BF) iterative algorithm to maximize ESR for the user-to-UAV link. Besides, to take the advantages of Free-Space Optical (FSO) and millimeter Wave (mmWave) communications, we present a switch-based hybrid FSO/mmWave scheme and a robust BF algorithm for the UAV-to-satellite link to achieve higher rate. Moreover, a closed-form ESR expression is derived. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed solutions are verified by numerical simulations, and the performance evaluation results show that the proposed solutions not only achieve performance enhancement and robustness, but also outperform the orthogonal multiple access significantly.