Robotic Instrument for Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS)

We have developed a rock grinding and polishing mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive disks, called Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS). Performance characteristics and design considerations of GRITS are presented. GRITS was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (ISARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. GRITS may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which rock surface preparation are necessary.     

某型飞机反推力装置加载试验

由于反推力系统必须在模拟气动载荷下做试验,以验证反推力系统功能的安全可靠性。因此在液压系统地面模拟试验中需配置一套反推力装置加载系统,以实现对反推力在展开和收起过程中所受气动载荷的模拟。在简要介绍反推力系统及其加载系统的基础上,主要研究如何完成某型飞机反推力装置加载试验,并满足其性能要求。     

带推力矢量的涡扇发动机实时数学模型研究

利用流场计算结果建立了轴对称矢量喷管的实是数学模型。将发动机部件热力参数间的关系用显式的解析式关系表示，从而去掉部件计算机的迭代过程，以此方法建立了涡扇发动机实时数学模型。在以上两个模型的基础上建立了带轴对称矢量喷管的涡扇发动机数学模型。利用此模型研究了矢量喷管对涡扇发动机工作参数的影响。结果表明，该模型可完成带推力矢量的涡扇发动机静态及动态计算，并可用于推力矢量控制研究。矢量喷管的偏转对涡扇发动机工作具有一定影响。     

塞式喷管二次喷射推力矢量控制研究

采用流体二次喷射方案,对塞式喷管发动机进行了不同工况的推力矢量控制冷流试验研究。在试验中,主要对影响推力矢量控制性能的参数:二次流流量、位置、喷射角度、二次流喷射孔的数量以及喷射孔出口面积大小等进行了研究。试验数据表明:二次流的工作参数和环境压力对侧向力的影响比较大。在高空环境下,推力矢量控制效果比较好,但在地面条件下,产生的侧向力比较小。二次流喷射产生侧向力的同时,对轴向力也有一定的增加。     

液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环热-结构分析

为了研究一款液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环工作状态下的结构变形,拓展并验证了一种包括流动-传热分析和非线性有限元分析的热-结构分析方法。通过该方法得到了推力室热载荷与压力载荷分布,并分析了推力室在这些载荷下的应力应变响应。研究表明：推力室整体结构变形并非主要取决于热载荷,压力载荷引起的冷却通道底面弯曲在喷管扩张段尤其明显;后冷阶段产生的弹塑性拉伸应变大于热试阶段产生的压缩应变是导致每次循环结束后结构产生残余应变的直接原因;随着工作循环次数的增加,扩张段的冷却通道底角位置残余应变累积速率最快,该部位被确定为结构失效的潜在位置;增加冷却剂入口附近的通道底面厚度、减小后冷阶段与热试阶段的温差以及将冷却通道的尖锐底角设计为圆角可以成为抑制变形和减缓应变累积的备选措施。     

考虑耦合效应的动量轮扰动测量

动量轮微振动是影响卫星姿态控制精度的重要因素.测量动量轮扰动的目的是掌握其扰动规律,进而采取相应的控制方法和隔离技术.由于动量轮的扰动频带很宽,扰动会与测试台的固有频率产生耦合.应用"动质量测试法"来定量地考察测试台刚度对扰动力测试的影响,并建立动量轮的力学模型,以得到不受影响的纯扰动.设计两种不同刚度的测试平台进行扰动测试.应用放大系数对测试结果进行修正,得到消除测试平台刚度影响的测试结果并进行比较.比较结果表明:动质量测试与理论建模结合法能够得到测试台的刚度对测试结果的影响.      

Broglio Drag Balance for neutral thermosphere density measurement on UNICubeSAT

The nanosatellite UNICubeSAT is described, carrying a Broglio Drag Balance Instrument for neutral thermosphere density in situ measurements. The aim of the mission is to contribute to the development of accurate thermosphere models, achieving in situ, real time measurements of atmosphere density, that could be exploited for global atmosphere model validation and accurate short term (1–3 days) real time space weather forecasts. The satellite is inexpensive and swarms could be easily launched operating as a distributed sensor network to get simultaneous in situ local (not orbit averaged) measurements in multiple positions and orbit heights. The nanosatellite is based on the Cubesat standard architecture, weighing about 1 kg for 1-L volume. Atmospheric drag force is measured by the displacement of light plates exposed to the incoming particle flux seen by the spacecraft, applying the original three dimensional Broglio Drag Balance concept to a single nanosatellite axis. The instrument concept and its relation to the satellite bus is depicted, showing that many long term potential measurement error sources and biases can be removed in data processing if the spacecraft is spin stabilized. The expected accuracy in density measurements is 20%. The instrument cost is a fraction of that of accurate accelerometers. The onboard systems are based on commercial off the shelf components, in accordance with the short lifetime typical of aeronomy satellites.     

射流分配对喉道气动偏转矢量喷管的影响

采用基于雷诺平均的二维N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型对二元喷管喉道气动偏转矢量控制时的流场进行了数值模拟,计算结果表明在小扩张比、短扩散段喷管上,在喉道气动偏转矢量控制方案下主流可以实现亚声速偏转。在此基础上数值分析了喉部和扩散段射流流量的分配对喷管流场的影响,研究表明要获得更大的推力矢量角,应该将更多的流量分配在扩散段射流缝处,经过计算得到较佳的扩散段射流流量和喉部射流流量分配比例大约为3∶1。     

多层CT用数据采集系统的设计与测试

提出了一种多通道、高密度、高精度数据采集系统的设计方案.采用基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Arrays)内嵌软核的体系结构,实现了多通道数据的缓冲、格式转换、乒乓读写等流水操作,解决了多层CT(Computed Tomography)有限扫描时间内数据量大、时序要求严格和数据传输精确性要求高的问题;同时利用高精度电压源和精密电阻模拟了前端输入,设计了基于PXI(PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation)总线的虚拟仪器,精确测试了设计系统的性能且未额外引入噪声.方案已成功应用于多层CT中,同时也为数据采集提供一种借鉴.      

Experiments in materials science on the ground and in reduced gravity using electrostatic levitators

To counter residual accelerations, dedicated levitators or positioners are necessary to support a host of materials science experiments on the ground and in microgravity. All levitators (e.g., aerodynamic, acoustic, electromagnetic, electrostatic, optical) have their own merits and limitations but the electrostatic scheme offers the combined advantages of processing millimeter-size objects, independent heating, quasi-spherical shape of molten materials, handling of materials under extreme temperatures for hours, virtually convection-free samples, and wide view around the samples for diagnostic. These attributes provide unique research opportunities in materials science on the ground as well as under reduced gravity. In particular, electrostatic levitators are very attractive to measure the physical and structural properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium liquids, to synthesize multi-function materials, and to understand metastable phase formation, vitrification, and diffusion. In this paper, research and development carried out by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency over the years in the field of electrostatic levitation are summarized and the main results obtained in materials science are presented.