反向喷管聚能炸药环的设计方法

本文根据近几年来的实验情况,对凯夫拉壳体应用经验公式,提出了推力终止开孔用的聚能炸药环的参数设计方法并取得了成功.     

Stability analysis of explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles with varying thrust integrals

In this study, a stability analysis of the explicit guidance laws for space launch vehicles is performed with consideration of varying thrust integrals. Among various forms of explicit guidance, linear tangent guidance in its general form is selected and six different acceleration profiles are considered for this numerical experiment. A linear system modeling which includes all of the significant dynamic elements of a space launcher is performed to analyze the effect of the characteristics of thrust integrals on stability margins. Numerical results show that in an aspect of guidance stability, it is advantageous to have thrust integrals derived from increasing acceleration profiles, such as constant thrust case, which may be considered in the development of propulsion systems. Finally, time-domain simulation with the original nonlinear models is performed to verify the approach and the result shows that the nonlinear dynamics of the system is conserved well in the linear model.     

高燃温喉栓式变推力固体火箭发动机试验

为研究高燃温推进剂下喉栓式固体火箭发动机推力控制,设计同轴式变推力固体火箭发动机试验系统,以混合式直线步进电机作为喉栓驱动系统,采用组合动密封方式,利用高燃温高压强指数推进剂进行点火试验,实现了燃烧室压强从12.1～2MPa的调节。试验结果发现喉栓头部烧蚀严重,对压强调节影响较大,针对喉栓烧蚀问题提出了减轻烧蚀思路,通过闭环控制方式控制喉栓运动,增加喉栓直径以及合理选择推进剂等可降低喉栓烧蚀,提高压强控制精度。     

单边膨胀喷管膨胀型面的非线性缩短设计

对单边膨胀喷管(SERN)型面进行非线性缩短设计,采用CFD技术分析了非线性缩短SERN性能。与理想喷管、线性缩短理想喷管性能对比发现:非线性缩短理想喷管的推力性能优于直接线性缩短理想喷管;NPR较大范围内,较理想喷管推力性能下降很小,最好时不足0.04%。非线性缩短SERN设计方法应用于截短理想喷管并与RAO喷管推力性能对比发现:完全膨胀时推力性能较RAO喷管只低0.7%;严重过膨胀状态NPR=40时,推力性能较RAO喷管高15.6%。     

基于拟欧拉角描述的上面级姿态控制律设计

上面级在多星部署过程中将涉及大角度姿态机动问题,卫星释放所引起的质心横移将给上面级姿态控制带来困难。根据系统质心的横移情况,在上面级体坐标系中确定矢量喷管的平衡位置,进而确定出矢量喷管指向指令方向时的上面级姿态。调制姿态四元数可以得到描述上面级姿态偏差的拟欧拉角及相应的拟欧拉角速度,在拟欧拉角描述的上面级姿态运动模型的基础上,选择合适的滑模面,构造变结构控制律。仿真结果表明,该控制律可对上面级姿态进行控制,进而实现对矢量喷管指向的间接控制,喷管摆角的限幅不会影响姿态控制的过程。     

全电推进卫星小推力变轨策略星上计算方法研究

全电推进卫星星上自主变轨,是全电推进卫星重要的发展方向。为了获得运算量小、计算简单、可以星上计算且变轨时间最短的小推力变轨策略,研究了Lyapunov反馈制导律和推力矢量分段固定法两种方法。基于Lyapunov反馈制导律的变轨策略,权重系数在地面进行优化,推力指向星上实时计算,在标称任务工况下变轨时间比理论最优解加长8.18%。推力矢量分段固定法变轨策略更为简单,每10天星上对两个关键控制参数Ψ1,Ψ2进行修正,推力指向变化规律恒定,变轨时间比理论最优解加长7.43%。两种方法都具有任务适应性好和计算简单的优点,Lyapunov反馈制导律对姿态控制能力要求较高,推力矢量分段固定法姿态控制要求容易满足,后者更适合于卫星应用。     

Formation of interlayer gap and control of interlayer burr in dry drilling of stacked aluminum alloy plates

In aircraft assembly, interlayer burr formation in dry drilling of stacked metal materials is a common problem. Traditional manual deburring operation seriously affects the assembly qual-ity and assembly efficiency, is time-consuming and costly, and is not conducive to aircraft automatic assembly based on industrial robot. In this paper, the formation of drilling exit burr and the influ-ence of interlayer gap on interlayer burr formation were studied, and the mechanism of interlayer gap formation in drilling stacked aluminum alloy plates was investigated, a simplified mathematical model of interlayer gap based on the theory of plates and shells and finite element method was established. The relationship between interlayer gap and interlayer burr, as well as the effect of feed rate and pressing force on interlayer burr height and interlayer gap was discussed. The result shows that theoretical interlayer gap has a positive correlation with interlayer burr height and preloading pressing force is an effective method to control interlayer burr formation.     

三种钻头钻削CFRP轴向力的时变曲线及预测

采用二刃、三刃双锋角钻头和圆弧形钻头钻削CFRP单向板,研究钻削过程中轴向力时变曲线的特征,并探索用预测轴向力时变曲线上的关键拐点的方法来构建预测轴向力时变曲线模型。结果表明:三刃双锋角钻头的轴向力时变曲线最为稳定,钻削过程最为稳定;轴向力最大的是三刃双锋角钻头,其次是圆弧形钻头,最小的是二刃双锋角钻头,说明二刃双锋角钻头适合钻削CFRP;用预测轴向力时变曲线上的关键拐点的方法构建的轴向力时变曲线可以很好地预测双锋角钻头轴向力时变曲线。     

CFRP复合材料超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料在传统钻孔过程易出现分层缺陷,采用金刚石空心套刀和超声振动加工技术进行了CFRP超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析。理论分析了传统麻花钻钻孔与金刚石套刀普通套孔过程的分层机理及评价,超声振动套孔对分层抑制的机理,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明:相比于CFRP普通套孔,超声振动套孔能够有效提高套刀切削性能和排屑效果,降低钻削力12.5%～19.2%,抑制切屑粉尘黏附套刀和料芯堵塞套刀,抑制CFRP分层缺陷形成,改善孔表面质量。