无人机微型舵机伺服控制器及其测试系统的设计

针对高性能的无人机微型舵机伺服控制系统,介绍了一种基于PIC单片机的高精度舵机伺服控制器及其测试系统.通过操纵测试软件,计算机发出模拟飞控计算机发送的位置信号,输入以单片机为主控制芯片的舵机控制器,控制功率驱动电路,驱动直流电机,实现伺服控制.控制器软件采用位置、速度和电流三闭环控制算法,利用模糊比例积分微分(PID)控制算法对位置环进行实时调整,同时在速度环与电流环引入积分分离PI控制算法.实验结果表明,控制器具有抗干扰性好、响应速度快、精度高和输出力矩大等特点.     

控制机翼附面层分离的涡流发生器实验研究

本文在微型涡流发生器控制超临界翼型附面层分离实验研究的基础上,在低速风洞中研究了微型涡流发生器弦向位置和安装偏角对超临界机翼附面层分离控制效果的影响。研究结果表明,微型梯形涡流发生器对超临界机翼附面层分离的控制主要起减阻作用;其弦向最佳位置在分离线前约4倍涡流发生器高度之间;最佳安装角为35°。     

一种平尾涡流发生器设计和流动控制研究

在飞机表面安装涡流发生器,可以起到改善当地流态的作用,达到减阻、增升、降噪、减小旋流畸变的目的,而平尾的气动特性直接影响飞机的飞行安全。基于改善飞机平尾在负迎角下流动特性的应用需求,设计一种安装于平尾下表面的涡流发生器。通过数值模拟方法研究平尾在不安装涡流发生器和安装涡流发生器两种构型下的流动特征和机理,分析飞机在负迎角下的俯仰力矩特性。结果表明：安装涡流发生器的平尾负失速迎角推迟了4°,负迎角下的俯仰力矩拐点推迟了4°左右,拓宽了飞机的飞行边界。     

壁温对压缩拐角流动影响的数值模拟研究

压缩拐角是高超声速飞行器上的典型非连续区域,其分离/再附结构对局部热环境有较大影响。本文采用基于Navier-Stokes方程的自研程序,开展了典型压缩拐角外形的气动热环境数值模拟研究,分析了不同壁温条件下压缩拐角的热环境分布规律。计算结果表明:随着壁温升高,流场整体结构变化不大,但由于近壁面流体物性参数变化较大,导致拐角分离涡分离点向前移动、再附点向后移动,拐角处干扰区扩大;压缩拐角大部分区域的热流随着壁温的升高而减小,且干扰区内热流减小的幅度比无干扰区更大,但热流并不完全遵循随壁温升高而减小的规律。另外,通过对比变壁温计算热流和热壁修正公式修正热流,发现热壁修正公式在干扰区存在精度降低、适用性不足的问题。本文的研究进一步加深了壁温对压缩拐角流动影响的认识,缩小了热壁修正公式的适用范围。     

多个空间高斯源信号情况下成组三维图像特征提取方法

针对功能磁共振成像数据中含有多个高斯信号源的盲源分离问题,介绍了一种成组典型相关分析方法(Group BSS-CCA)。这个方法的组分析框架参照了GIFT工具箱中的Group ICA算法,具体的典型相关分析方法应用的是Friman等人提出的BSS-CCA算法。以验证该方法的有效性为目的,设计了仿真实验;结果表明,该方法能较好识别出混合在人脑功能磁共振成像数据的2个空间高斯信号。Group BSS-CCA算法对研究人脑的功能磁共振成像数据具有较高的实用价值。     

轴流压气机静子角区分离流动的DDES数值研究

为进一步加深对压气机静子角区分离流动非定常性和湍流特性的认识,以某台用于低速模拟的多级低速轴流压气机的第3级改型静子为研究对象,采用延迟脱落涡模拟(DDES)方法进行详细的数值研究.结果表明:压气机静子角区分离流动受到叶片几何参数和来流条件的综合影响;通道涡是引起静子角区分离的主要涡系结构,其发展过程伴随着大小尺度发簪...     

Preload relaxation analysis and reliable life prediction of space connection and separation device based on accelerated degradation tests

The safety and reliability of space connection and separation device has become a key issue due to the increasing service span of deep space exploration mission. The long-term preload relaxation (a key failure mode) of connection and separation devices is focused in this paper. A series of tests have been designed and implemented to investigate the preload relaxation regulation and a comprehensive method has been constructed to analyze and predict the reliable lifetime of the device. The two-stage preload relaxation law of the device is found and reasonably considered. Due to the different relaxation mechanism, the first-stage preload relaxation is assessed based on the working-condition test results, and the second-stage preload relaxation is characterized by accelerated test results. Finally, the service reliability and reliable life are evaluated. The experiment and assessment results demonstrate the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method which can achieve long-service reliability analysis for space connection and separation device within limited time.     

可重复使用运载器级间分离过程研究

级间分离过程中，可重复使用运载器受到非定常扰动，可能会造成分离失败。为研究级间分离过程中可重复使用运载器运动特性及周围流场分布随分离高度的变化情况，建立航天器和运载器的运动方程，使用动网格技术和有限体积法求解N-S方程。研究结果表明：随着级间分离高度的升高，气动力不断减小，非定常扰动对分离产生的影响越来越小；分离过程中，航天器和运载器的平动速度差较小，角速度差越来越小，最大差值从30 km高空的0.427 rad/s减小到50 km 高空的0.1 rad/s，二者之间的最小距离变大，更有利于安全分离。     

Derivation and validation of a similarity law for free-flight wind tunnel tests of parallel stage separation

Aiming at the safety problem of the stage separation of parallel reusable high-speed air vehicles, this paper studies the unsteady test method and focuses on deriving a similarity law of parallel stage separation free-flight wind tunnel tests. The new similarity law considers the influences of aerodynamic force and gravity on the motions of the two stages, as well as the influence of aerodynamic interference between the two stages on each other’s motion. From the perspective of multi-angle physical equations, the conditions to ensure that the two-stage separation trajectory of a wind tunnel test is similar to that of a real air vehicle are derived innovatively, so as to ensure the authenticity and credibility of wind tunnel test results. The similarity law is verified by an HIFiRE-5 air vehicle, and the separation trajectories of wind tunnel tests and the real air vehicle are obtained by numerical simulation. The research shows that the similarity law derived in this paper can ensure that wind tunnel free-flight tests have the ability to predict the two-stage separation characteristics of real parallel vehicles. By analyzing the separation trajectory curve of the typical state, it is found that the new method can ensure that the trajectory error of a wind tunnel test does not exceed 1%, which indicates that this method is credible. The establishment of the new method lays the foundation for subsequent wind tunnel tests and provides support for research on the safety of the stage separation of parallel reusable air vehicles.     

单气泡上浮运动的层析PIV实验研究

为了揭示上浮过程中的尾流涡结构及其与气泡之间的相互作用，分别采用阴影图像法和层析PIV技术，对单个气泡在静止水中自由Z字型上浮的过程进行了实验研究，得到气泡的形状、运动和三维的尾流速度场。采用"λ" _"ci" 涡判据和有限时间李雅普诺夫指数（Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent，FTLE），从速度场识别出三维的尾流涡结构和二维的拉格朗日拟序结构。结果表明，Z字型上浮过程中，气泡周围环绕有涡环，涡环会沿运动路径脱落交替的、方向相反的发卡涡；单个发卡涡脱落过程中，涡环一侧的FTLE脊线会闭合形成拉格朗日涡。由此可得到结论，发卡涡的周期性脱落，使涡环相对于气泡的对称性被周期性交替破坏，导致气泡形成Z字型周期运动；单个发卡涡脱落过程中，涡环两侧各自对发卡涡的流体输运存在显著差异。