Drag Reduction for an Airship with Proper Arrangement of Propellers

In this article, the flow field around an airship with propellers blowing is calculated on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulent models. Modeled each as an actuator disk, the propellers are arranged at different positions around the body of airship in the flow direction. The numerical results show that the blowing propellers produce open outer flows. They drive the separated vortexes off the body thus reducing the drag coefficients. The results also show that the position after leading sucking peak is the best place for a propeller to blow. When the propellers are positioned after sucking peak, the longer the area which the propellers work on, the more the profile drag coefficients can be reduced. If the working position of propeller moves from the sucking peak forward to the leading edge, the friction drag coefficient will increase. The bigger the diameter of the propellers and the stronger the pressure jump, the more the drag coefficient will be reduced. The results also reveal that for the design of circularly-positioned propellers with space intervals, the more drag coefficient reduction results, the smaller the space interval is specified.     

前体涡非对称分离机理及前缘吹气控制研究

通过设计对称性算法,求解层流Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了细长体在低超声速情况下前体背风涡随攻角演化的规律,在此基础上,进一步研究了前缘吹气对前体涡演化和侧向力特性的控制机理.根据数值模拟结果及分析,倾向于支持在层流框架内,前体涡的非对称失稳是一种对流不稳定机制,要想根据需要产生对称或不对称的前体涡,就必须外加持续的扰动.在约16°～48°攻角区间内,前缘吹气可产生规律性较好的侧向力,有可能直接利用前体涡进行横侧向控制.为工程实用化,需提高前缘吹气的激励收益效费比.     

飞行器外挂投放数值模拟

采用非结构重叠网格Euler方程的CFD方法数值模拟了外挂投放。该方法在重叠网格"挖洞"时,以"离壁面距离"为挖洞判据;在建立重叠区域插值关系时,对Neighbor to Neighbor(N2N)和Alternating Digital Tree(ADT)两种方法的效率进行了比较。采用机翼/挂架/带舵外挂物模型开展了验证计算。在此基础上,完成了某飞行器外挂投放的初步计算。     

非稳态单喷口射流控制扩压器内边界层的分离流动

对扩压器内单喷口射流产生的流向涡控制扩压器内部边界层分离流动行为进行了研究。研究的对象是一个扩张角为10°的二维扩压器,扩压器进出口面积比为1∶4.7,入口高度为15 mm。采用数值计算方法研究了当射流出口速度为非稳态时对分离流动的影响。给出了不同时刻,不同截面上的旋涡涡量分布。结果表明,采用非稳态喷射流向涡方法可以在不改变主流流量特性的情况下,有效地减小分离流动区域。     

三维扩压叶栅非定常流动机理研究的频谱分析

计算了三维直叶栅在不同攻角、不同马赫数下的流动情况,得到流场的非定常解,并进行了频谱分析,对叶栅非定常流动的流场结构和流动机理做了初步的探讨。分析计算结果表明:在来流均匀,定常边界条件下,叶栅内流动仍然表现出强烈的非定常性。分离区和尾迹中的流动,以旋涡的有规律周期性脱落为主要的运动形式。旋涡脱落的频率,随着攻角和马赫数的变化而变化:同马赫数下,攻角越大,频率越低;同攻角下,马赫数越高,频率越高。同时,在同一工况下,旋涡频率沿叶高呈非均匀分布,叶中区域频率相对低,靠近端壁区频率相对高。      

级间热分离条件下带有延伸喷管的固体火箭发动机尾部流场分析

通过数值方法求解二维轴对称N-S方程,对级间热分离条件下带有延伸喷管的固体火箭发动机尾部流场进行了数值分析。分析表明,展开前,受限尾流使延伸锥、发动机后封头及基础喷管外壁处于严重的热环境中;展开过程中,尾流作用在延伸锥上的气动力变化剧烈。计算结果对发动机的热防护设计及展开机构的驱动力设计提供了依据。     

地面模拟微重力条件下Cu-Pb合金的制备及微观结构与摩擦性能研究

利用地面上建立的微重力电磁模拟设备成功制备出了Cu-Pb二元难混合金,并对其微观组织结构与摩擦性能进行了分析与测试。样品SEM分析结果表明,模拟微重力状态下制备的合金样品较好地克服了地面上因重力影响而产生的严重成分偏析,少数弥散相较均匀地分布于基体中,少数相含量越低,弥散体尺寸越小,分布越均匀;摩擦性能测试结果显示合金模拟样品的摩擦性能明显好于基体金属,且摩擦系数随少数相Pb的含量的增大而减小,体积磨损率随少数相含量的增大先快速减小而后又缓慢增大。同时对实验结果进行了简单的分析与讨论。      

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

后掠翼身干扰区流动特性及改善措施研究

利用流动显示及表面压力测量方法研究了后掠翼身干扰区的流动特性,并研究了用小边条等措施改善干扰区的流动特性的效果.结果表明,随着不同机翼后掠角、不同迎角及不同Re数对干扰区流动特性的影响,流态可以从一涡系变成多涡系,由定常变成非定常,而且在一定的Re数以后涡系会紊流化;翼身干扰区上游的的逆压梯度是导致边界层分离的物理原因,利用面积很小的边条可以降低干扰区局部的逆压梯度,可以导致干扰区的旋涡很弱,甚至不出现,这是很有实际意义的.     

基于滚动信息反馈的偏置动量卫星滚动/偏航回路姿态控制器设计

以偏置动量卫星为背景,针对滚动/偏航回路的姿态控制,采用频率分离法分析设计了基于滚动信息反馈的控制器,并给出控制参数的合理选取范围。卫星俯仰回路采用常用的偏置动量轮控制,其滚动/偏航轴上各安装一个反作用飞轮以完成姿态控制。同时,卫星三轴配置磁力矩器以实现动量轮/反作用飞轮的角动量卸载。最后进行了数学仿真,结果表明,卫星滚动/偏航轴的姿态指向控制的精度和稳定度分别达到0.05°和0.001(°)/s,验证了所设计的控制规律的可行性以及控制参数分析的合理性,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。