基于机匣信号的滚动轴承故障卷积神经网络诊断方法

针对在滚动轴承故障激励下的机匣微弱故障特征,提出了基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的故障诊断方法。利用矩阵图法、峭度图法以及小波尺度谱法3种振动信号的预处理方法,将一维原始信号转换为图像信号;利用卷积神经网络对故障进行识别。通过比较分析发现:通过连续小波尺度谱更易提取滚动轴承的故障特征,其故障识别率达到95.82%,均高于其他几种振动信号预处理方法;由于卷积神经网络可以利用深层网络结构自适应地提取滚动轴承故障特征,比传统支持向量机(SVM)方法的故障识别率高约7%。结果证明了该方法的有效性与可行性,且具有较好的泛化能力和稳健性。      

高压涡轮机匣加强肋表面换热特性试验

针对高压涡轮叶尖间隙主动控制机匣的多层结构,重点分析了机匣内部加强肋和安装螺栓共同组成的基本换热单元,利用热膜法研究了加强肋表面的局部和平均传热系数,得到了不同进气状态、加强肋高度对传热系数的影响规律。研究发现:冲击靶面传热系数随着冲击雷诺数的增长而增大,但传热系数的增长速率随着冲击雷诺数的增大而缓慢降低。3排冲击射流工况中,靠近出流位置的加强肋表面平均传热系数最高。试验结果表明,加强肋表面的传热系数受到加强肋高度和冲击雷诺数耦合作用。在高雷诺数时,增加加强肋高度带来的换热强化效果更加明显。      

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.     

冲击距离对涡轮外环表面温度影响的初步研究

为分析涡轮外环具体结构对温度的影响,在确定的流动与边界条件下,以某型发动机高压涡轮外环为研究对象并进行一定简化,应用3维数值模拟手段计算和分析了不同冲击距离对外环温度最大值及分布的影响,在综合考虑外环温度水平和分布均匀程度的约束下给出了冲击距离的最优值为冲击孔距离的6.5倍。具有较为实用的工程指导意义。     

航空发动机TC4机匣加工变形控制研究

航空发动机机匣零件的设计采用整体化、轻量化设计思想,使得结构复杂、规格尺寸大、薄壁特征多,而设计精度要求却在逐渐提高,机匣件加工后产生的变形问题尤显突出。探讨了薄壁结构机匣零件加工变形产生机理,提出分区去除余量控制加工变形的方法。使用Prism电子斑纹干涉钻孔残余应力仪测量了钛合金TC4机匣毛坯表层深度残余应力,通过有限元仿真结果预测出机匣毛坯内部残余应力分布规律。建立了机匣切削加工的有限元仿真模型并进行数值仿真,对两种工艺路线下的变形进行对比分析。最后,通过机匣的切削加工试验验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

航空发动机机匣T型槽加工技术

叙述了航空发动机机匣T型槽的主要结构和技术要求 ,并以加工实例介绍了成组加工技术和数控加工技术     

一种涡轮叶尖间隙控制技术

基于涡轮叶尖间隙的变化机理,设计了一种冷气自动调节机构,该机构无需其他外界动力,可根据工况的变化而自动调节冷气限流嘴的节流面积,控制涡轮外环冷气量,以控制涡轮外环的直径,从而有效控制涡轮叶尖间隙的变化趋势,维持涡轮叶尖间隙在合理范围.对3个不同工况涡轮采用与未采用涡轮叶尖间隙控制机构分别进行了计算,结果表明:采用涡轮叶尖间隙控制机构的涡轮叶尖间隙随工况变化的变化率为6.5%,未采用涡轮叶尖间隙控制机构的涡轮叶尖间隙随工况变化的变化率为20%.因此,采用该机构可以达到控制涡轮叶尖间隙变化的目的.      

离心压气机自循环预旋喷气机匣处理的设计和验证

采用一种预旋喷气机匣处理提高离心压气机特定转速范围内的稳定裕度.通过引气加大离心叶轮进口基元级流量降低通道堵塞,并借助回流预旋喷气改变前缘攻角抑制叶背分离是该机匣处理扩稳的主要机理.基于这样的认识,对机匣处理做了几何参数设计研究,发现轴向搭接位置、搭接长度和开槽角度是影响机匣处理性能的3个主要参数.通过几何参数的合理选取,在尽量提高80%设计转速稳定裕度的同时兼顾100%设计转速的效率.压气机部件性能试验验证了该设计方法的有效性,并观测到在低转速时,机匣处理可以同时提高稳定裕度和效率.      

Study on Titanium Alloy TC4 Ballistic Penetration Resistance Part I:Ballistic Impact Tests

Ballistic impact test of different-scale casings is an efficient way to demonstrate the casing containment capability at the preliminary design stage of the engine. For the sake of studying the titanium alloy TC4 casing performance, the ballistic tests of flat and curved simulation casing are implemented by using two flat blades of different sizes as the projectile. The impact mechanism and failure of the target are discussed. Impact of the projectile is a highly nonlinear transient process with the large deformation of the target. On the impact, failures of the flat casing and the subscale casing are similar, concluding two parts, the global dishing and localized ductile tearing. The main localized failure mode combines plugging (shear) and petaling (shear) if the projectile perforates or penetrates, while crater (shear) if the projectile rebounds. The ballistic limit equation is verified by the test data and the results show that this empirical equation could be a practical way to estimate the critical velocity.     

大尺寸薄壁钛合金筒体旋压成形质量影响因素

针对大尺寸薄壁TC4钛合金筒体旋压成形,分析了工件质量影响因素,并研究了旋压成形典型缺陷成形机理和控制方法。结果表明旋压道次和变形量对工件质量影响显著,旋压道次增多,变形量过大,工件精度降低;采用微扩径反旋、坯料分区温度控制等措施,可以有效解决旋压过程中易出现的壁厚和直径超差、反挤、鼓包等缺陷。