直升机/粒子分离器一体化流场特性: 第一部分 前进比的影响

针对典型布局条件下直升机/粒子分离器的一体化流动特性进行了仿真研究.利用相关试验数据对仿真方法的有效性进行了检验,将整体式粒子分离器安装至类“阿帕奇”直升机外型上,形成了一种典型直升机/粒子分离器布局方案,并分析了其在不同前进比下的一体化流场特性.结果表明:较高前进比下,在粒子分离器进口上游的齿轮箱外罩上出现了复杂的三维流动分离,使得粒子分离器在较不均匀的进口来流条件下工作.与独立粒子分离器状态相比,一体化条件下粒子分离器主流出口、扫气流出口的总压损失均有所加大,增幅分别为1%和8%.      

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

降低PLC系统峰均比的低复杂度改进SLM算法

针对信道慢时变特性及噪声复杂的特点,提出了适用于低压电力线通信的降低峰均比的改进算法.改进算法对原始输入序列中的部分数据进行循环移位来获得一系列不同的新数据序列;在每个新数据序列尾部插入相应的边带信息组成一个输入候选序列;对这一系列不同的输入候选序列分别实施傅里叶反变换,得到不同的输出序列;从中选择峰均比最小的用于传输,达到降低系统峰均比的目的.结果表明:改进算法能够有效地降低系统的峰均比,并且能够获得更好的误码率性能,同时具有比传统选择性映射方法更低的计算复杂度.     

考虑气动力非线性的柔性飞机阵风响应分析

针对大展弦比柔性飞机阵风响应问题,考虑在大攻角(AOA)情况下气动力非线性的影响,通过将修正的Theodorsen方法与片条理论相结合,得到非线性的时域非定常气动力;在此基础上,建立阵风干扰下的大展弦比柔性飞机非线性气动弹性模型,完整地发展了一种新颖的可考虑气动力非线性的大展弦比柔性飞机阵风响应分析方法.结合算例模型开展方法验证和数值仿真,对比翼尖和质心(CG)处阵风附加过载在线性和非线性情况下的变化.算例结果表明,考虑大攻角情况下的气动力非线性后,大展弦比飞机的阵风响应较线性情况有明显变化,翼尖处的阵风附加过载最多可减少41.7%,气动力非线性的影响不可忽视.      

Indicators of black-hole mass and Eddington accretion ratio from QSO X-ray and UV spectra

The evolution of luminous QSOs is linked to the evolution of massive galaxies. We know this because the relic black-holes found locally have masses dependent on the properties of the host galaxy’s bulge. An important way to explore this evolution would be to measure dependences of black-hole masses and Eddington accretion ratios over a range of redshifts, i.e., with cosmological age. For low redshift QSOs (and their lower luminosity Seyfert galaxy counterparts) it has been possible to infer black-hole masses from the luminosities and velocity dispersions of their host-galaxy bulges. These masses agree with those virial black-hole masses calculated from the Doppler widths of the broad Hβ emission lines. The latter method can then be extended to more distant and luminous QSOs, up to redshifts of 0.6 with ground-based optical observations. We discuss ways to extend these explorations to higher redshifts – up to 3 using the widths of QSOs’ broad UV emission lines, and in principle, and to redshifts near 4 from ground-based infrared observations of rest-frame Hβ at 2.5 μm. We discuss the possibility of investigating the accretion history of the higher redshift QSOs using measures of Eddington accretion ratio – the soft X-ray spectral index and the eigenvectors of Principal Components Analyses of QSOs’ UV emission-line spectra.     

异型孔空心叶片壁厚检测的试验研究

发动机叶片的结构型式和制造误差，直接影响发动机的性能和使用寿命。运用超声波法和电涡流法，对两种不同材料和形式的试件进行了试验。电涡流法受到探头直径和试件几何尺寸的影响，测量误差大，超声波法由于存在测量盲区，测量厚度的下限受到限制。但测量值与实际值相关，若对探头加以改进，用于异型孔空心叶片壁厚检测是可行的。     

噪声源校准方法及不确定度分析

噪声系数测量的一个关键指标就是测量不确定度,测量时所用的噪声源是引起噪声系数测量不确定度的一个明显因素。噪声源的精确校准可以有效地降低噪声系数的测量不确定度,因此它是获得高质量的噪声系数测量的关键因素。介绍了两种对微波和毫米波噪声源超噪比进行校准的方法,分别是Y因子法和增益法,并全面分析了引起校准不确定度的因素。     

一种基于FFT的Galileo搜救信号频域检测方法

Galileo搜救系统是全球卫星搜救组织(COSPAS-SARSAT)的一部分,搭载于Galileo导航星座,能对遇险用户发出的求救信号进行定位并实施救援。经卫星转发的搜救信号信噪比很低,能否在低信噪比条件下完成卫星信号的检测对搜救系统的正常工作至关重要。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)运算的频域检测方法,通过理论分析和仿真验证可以看出,这种方法能有效地实现低信噪比条件下的卫星下行信号检测。     

基于等效焦面的离轴遥感相机积分时间计算方法

目前在轨和在研的光学遥感卫星大都搭载的是离轴遥感相机,为了保证视轴正对星下点成像,相机需要整体俯仰一定角度补偿离轴角,这样就导致相机的焦平面无法平行于星下点水平面进行推扫成像,相机的积分时间计算不准确。针对以上问题,提出一种基于等效焦面的高精度积分时间计算方法,该方法构建与星下点水平面平行的等效焦面,通过建立严密的几何关系,求出真正电荷转移时间对应的像元尺寸,从而得到准确的积分时间。仿真试验表明,该方法可以将积分时间计算精度提高1.2%,为卫星在轨提高成像质量提供有效手段。