横流不稳定性转捩预测模型

由于Langtry和Menter提出的γ-Re_θt边界层转捩模型只能预测流向的边界层转捩现象,因此继续改进该转捩模型使其具有横流不稳定性转捩的预测能力显得非常必要。通过对经典Falkner-Skan-Cooke (FSC)三维边界层相似解的理论分析和数值求解,结合Thwaites压力梯度因子与当地后掠角构建的函数关系来求解复杂构型的当地Hartree压力梯度因子β_H以及形状因子H₁₂,采用由试验数据标定的C1准则关系式获得横流转捩位移厚度雷诺数,从而建立能够对复杂构型进行横流不稳定性转捩预测的转捩判据。应用所建模型对30°前缘后掠角的ONERA-M6机翼和变前缘后掠角的DLR-F5机翼以及标准6:1椭球标模进行了横流不稳定转捩数值模拟,计算结果显示转捩位置均与试验数据吻合较好,证明了该模型的合理性和实用性。     

自激振荡预混燃烧的实验

通过动态压力测量、化学自发荧光相同步测量的方法对自激振荡燃烧动力学过程进行了实验研究,分析了不同空气流量、化学当量比和边界条件对振荡燃烧过程的影响.实验结果显示,燃烧热负荷的提高会导致燃烧段压力脉动幅值的提高,使燃烧更加不稳定.化学当量比越接近熄火极限,压力脉动的频率越高.同时燃烧室进出口边界条件的改变也会对振荡频率产生影响.     

Multi-scale nature of non-blade-order propagating flow disturbances in axial compressors

Non-blade-order flow disturbances, also referred to as pre-stall disturbances or tip flow unsteadiness, are closely related with compressor instabilities. The present work provides a comprehensive investigation on multi-scale nature of non-blade-order disturbances and the underlying flow physics in axial compressors. By applying full-annulus Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations, along with space–time correlation and spatial Fourier decomposition, to the disturbed pressure, the propagating feature of the non-blade-order disturbances is obtained. Further, a bridge between non-blade-order disturbances and the evolution of unsteady vortex has been set up. The results show that non-blade-order disturbances, featured as short-length-scale (35 modes across annulus), first appear as the occurrence of tip leakage vortex fluctuation, while the compressor still operates far from stall. Leading-edge radial vortex appears at near stall condition, and its movement induces a circumferential propagating disturbance overlaying on the one induced by oscillating tip leakage vortex. The interaction of the short-scale disturbances with a low-amplitude long-scale (of circumference) disturbance is observed, which results in disturbances with multiple scales of consecutive spatial modes, along with multiple frequency peaks in spectra. The compressor falls into stall as the circumferential nonuniform scattering of the leading-edge vortexes occurs. The densely- and sparsely-scattered leading-edge radial vortexes induce a high-amplitude long-scale (of circumference) disturbance, i.e. stall disturbance.     

A statistical analysis of low frequency geomagnetic field pulsations at two Antarctic geomagnetic observatories in the polar cap region

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of low frequency (∼0.5–5 mHz) geomagnetic field fluctuations as recorded at two Antarctic stations within the polar cap: the Italian observatory Mario Zucchelli Station (TNB) and the French–Italian observatory Dome C (DMC) in order to investigate the spatial extension and propagation characteristics of the phenomena observed at very high latitude. The stations have approximately the same geographic latitude, but a very different corrected geomagnetic latitude, being DMC close to the geomagnetic pole and TNB closer to the auroral oval.     

限制域形状对分层火焰和燃烧不稳定性的影响

本文在中心分级燃烧室中研究限制域形状对火焰结构及燃烧不稳定性的影响。实验过程中,使用带有CH*滤镜的相机拍摄火焰图像,使用动态压力传感器测量压力脉动。结果表明,突扩限制域和斜坡限制域中的时均火焰结构相似。但突扩限制域中的火焰动态结构呈现出周期性变化,并伴随着压力振荡。而斜坡限制域中的火焰动态结构基本不变,且压力脉动接近于零,主要原因是斜坡限制域中的旋涡脱落过程受限,旋涡与火焰的相互作用被大幅削弱。通过改变主燃级通道流速调节延迟时间,发现突扩限制域中会出现压力振幅的周期性变化,而斜坡限制域中始终保持稳定燃烧。本文的研究表明使用斜坡限制域有潜力成为在宽工况范围内有效抑制燃烧不稳定的被动控制方法。     

有限β等离子体中密度和磁场不均匀驱动的动理学Alfven波

在分析有限β等离子体中的密度、磁场不均匀引起的漂移波不稳定性的基础上，剖析了漂移波不稳定性对动理学Alfven波激发的作用．动理学理论能正确地处理有限拉莫半径效应和波粒共振相互作用，本文根据带电粒子在电磁场中的运动特性，采用Vlasov方程描述离子运动，运用漂移动理学方程对电子运动进行描述．密度不均匀和磁场不均匀对产生漂移不稳定性的对比分析表明：在有限β等离子体中，密度不均匀比磁场不均匀更易激发漂移不稳定性，且密度不均匀激发漂移不稳定性中的能量转换和转移更为强烈．这种能量的转换为动理学Alfven波的激发提供了物理基础．所得数值解表明：动理学Alfven波在磁层中能广泛地被激发产生，特别是在磁层空间的极尖区、磁层顶和等离子体片边界层等具有明显的不均匀性区域中更容易被激发产生．本文的研究结果进一步表明动理学Alfven波对磁层空间中能量传输具有重要作用．     

固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定研究进展与展望

围绕固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定的研究现状及未来发展趋势进行了探讨.为了深入认识固体火箭发动机中的燃烧不稳定现象,并形成对其进行准确预示和有效抑制的方法,需要解决理论、计算及实验多方面的基础问题:燃烧不稳定的物理机制,不稳定的预示方法,发动机中各种增益和阻尼因素的特征,振荡增长过程中触发和极限环形成的机理,不稳定抑制技术及...     

基于单扇区燃烧室试验的热声模拟方法研究及验证

利用自主开发的热声网络模型研究了不同试验工况、出口边界条件、入口测量段长度对单扇区燃烧室试验台燃烧不稳定性的影响,并与试验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:声学网络模型准确预测了不同试验工况的失稳频率.预测失稳频率与试验失稳频率相差±10 Hz以内,误差在2％以内.前期单扇区燃烧室试验表明,当入口测量段为0.4 m时,发生...     

突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定形成机理分析

突扩燃烧室在一定的工作条件下会出现燃烧不稳定现象。采用实验和数值模拟的方法对突扩燃烧室形成低频燃烧不稳定的机理进行了研究。通过实验研究发现突扩燃烧室压强振动过程中纵向振型占主导地位,但其振动频率并不与声学频率一致。建立了适合分析燃烧不稳定的多步化学反应动力学与大涡模拟耦合的数值分析方法,对实验发动机开展了非稳态数值模拟,获得了低频燃烧不稳定形成演化的详细过程和流场结构。实验和数值计算表明突扩截面形成的旋涡脱落,以及旋涡在燃烧室内的运动过程中引起燃烧面积、局部当量比和热释放率的脉动是激发低频压强振动的主要原因。压强振动引起上游速度脉动,进而形成旋涡脱落。大尺度旋涡在燃烧室内的运动又会引起热释放率的大幅度脉动,反过来又会促进压强振动。振动频率是由压强波和旋涡运动特征时间共同决定的。     

Theory and Simulation of Reconnection

Reconnection is a major commonality of solar and magnetospheric physics. It was conjectured by Giovanelli in 1946 to explain particle acceleration in solar flares near magnetic neutral points. Since than it has been broadly applied in space physics including magnetospheric physics. In a special way this is due to Harry Petschek, who in 1994 published his ground breaking solution for a 2D magnetized plasma flow in regions containing singularities of vanishing magnetic field. Petschek’s reconnection theory was questioned in endless disputes and arguments, but his work stimulated the further investigation of this phenomenon like no other. However, there are questions left open. We consider two of them – “anomalous” resistivity in collisionless space plasma and the nature of reconnection in three dimensions. The CLUSTER and SOHO missions address these two aspects of reconnection in a complementary way -- the resistivity problem in situ in the magnetosphere and the 3D aspect by remote sensing of the Sun. We demonstrate that the search for answers to both questions leads beyond the applicability of analytical theories and that appropriate numerical approaches are necessary to investigate the essentially nonlinear and nonlocal processes involved. Necessary are both micro-physical, kinetic Vlasov-equation based methods of investigation as well as large scale (MHD) simulations to obtain the geometry and topology of the acting fields and flows.