Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

供油瞬态喷油杆内燃油结焦机理及规律数值研究

为获得喷油杆通断循环供油工作模式下,供油瞬间燃油结焦速率陡增机理,本文建立起沿喷杆轴向的一维非稳态热-流-固耦合换热与燃油结焦计算模型.获得不同时刻壁温、油温与结焦速率等参数轴向分布.通过与连续供油模式下的结果对比,来分析供油瞬间灼热喷杆内壁对燃油热冲击的影响,以获得结焦速率陡增机理.结果表明:通断供油模式下,供油瞬间...     

平面-抛物面型薄膜天线形面及温度分析

为了解决星载天线的大口径与运载工具整流罩有限体积, 以及星载天线的重量与卫星平台和运载工具承载能力之间的矛盾, 充气可展开结构技术是非常理想 的选择. 为实现高精度反射面, 针对平面-抛物面型充气可展开天线反射面, 进行弹性力学分析, 得到反射面与充气气压、薄膜材料、边界条件之间的关系, 以及形 面和抛物面间存在的M形误差. 在此基础上, 探讨了天线在轨时温度变化对反射面 形面的影响, 提出了消除这种影响的两种方法. 利用ANSYS分析结果对理论解进行验证, 结果吻合.     

大型星载Ku波段波导缝隙阵列天线 ——宽频带设计及热变形分析

高度计波导缝隙阵列天线是高增益、低副瓣天线子系统, 其宽频带、窄波 束等特点对天线设计将提出较高要求. 天线阵面较大, 在空间环境冷热交替 的作用下会发生形变, 因此, 有必要研究形变对天线电性能的影响. 本文采 用天线阵分区馈电、波导中心馈电以及加载元件等技术, 解决了天线宽频带 设计问题, 并针对热变形问题, 提出一种分析天线热变形对其电性能影响的 新方法. 现已加工出8×10阵列天线实验件, 实测结果表明, 1.3以下 驻波带宽为340MHz, E面副瓣电平为-25.9dB, H面副瓣电平 为-27.2dB, 满足实际要求, 验证了设计方法的有效性.     

太阳电池阵极月轨道在轨热分析

以极月轨道上太阳电池阵作为研究对象,详细分析了该轨道上电池阵所得各外热流的确定方法.以此为基础,对太阳电池阵进行在轨温度数值模拟,得到月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布.计算结果与地球卫星的相应数据进行比较,明确了月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布特点,为月球卫星上太阳电池阵以及整个卫星的设计提供了有利的数据参考.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

航空电气电弧、短路危害及保护研究

航空电气电弧、短路可能会导致难以挽回的损失,研究航空电气电弧、短路的危害及其保护措施具有 重要意义。通过试验室搭建民用飞机典型的115V/400Hz三相交流电气线路,选取金属导体作为多余物,采 用试验法对飞机电气电弧、短路故障现象进行研究,验证和分析传统热断路器的工作特性,确认电气电弧、短路 故障对电气线路和设备产生的危害程度;同时,分析三种更好的电气电弧、短路保护方法。结果表明:传统热断 路器仅对短路故障具有保护作用,对电气电弧不能产生保护作用;三种新的保护方法电弧检测和保护时间过 长,电弧已对导线和设备产品造成不可恢复的损坏。     

SiC/Al复合丝的耐蚀性和高温稳定性研究

本研究结果表明,SiC/L_6和SiC/LF_6复合丝在真空中加热至600℃和在空气中400℃暴露144小时,以及在蒸馏水和5%NaCl水溶液中浸泡15天后,其强度保留率大于87%,证明SiC/Al复合丝具有良好的耐蚀性和高温稳定性,用气相层析仪和发射光谱分析了腐蚀气体、溶液和白色沉淀,初步确定其反应机理是电化学腐蚀。与C/Al复合丝相比,SiC/Al腐蚀速度缓慢,纤维—基体界面损伤极小。     

航天器太阳电池阵热真空试验技术

文章叙述了进行太阳电池阵热真空试验的重要性、一般要求及相关的主要试验技术.     

A thermal activation based constitutive model for the dynamic deformation of AA5083 processed by large-scale equal-channel angular pressing

Aluminum alloy 5083 (AA5083) processed by large-scale Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an excellent engineering material with great prospects for industrial applications. An accurate assessment of the underlying constitutive relationships with easily determined material constants is critical for the predictive design and informed processing of such structural materials. To develop such a design framework, uniaxial dynamic compressive tests over a wide range of temperatures (293–573 K) were carried out for an ECAP-processed AA5083 alloy. Additionally, the microstructure before and after dynamic loading was characterized by SEM and TEM. Based on the experimental results, a new dynamic constitutive model, based on thermal activation theory, was established to describe the plastic flow behavior of the AA5083 alloy that incorporates the effects of plastic strain, temperature, and strain rate. The input parameters of the new model were determined using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental results, which suggests that the current predictive constitutive model is highly effective in reproducing the dynamic deformation behavior of the large-scale ECAP-processed AA5083.