高斯激光束照射圆柱体一端面上引起温升和热应力的分析

激光加热应用很广，热应力是一常见现象。本文讨论的内容是来自辐射加固技术和激光武器效应中遇到的一个问题，因此，对其剖析具有很大的实用价值和理论意义。     

典型海上热发射动力学效应及影响因素分析

考虑海上发射环境特殊性,分析了发射船承受的典型海浪以及风环境,针对陆基发射时运载火箭直接坐落在发射台上的裸箭热发射方式,分析了该支撑形式在海上动态环境下的射前稳定性,获得海上裸箭热发射方式的承受晃动极限。为解决陆基热发射支撑方式不满足三级海况发射稳定性的问题,提出运载火箭的框架式扶稳措施,通过框架内的柔性支撑保证运载火箭的射前稳定性。构建由火箭、等效甲板、导向框架、导轨、柔性支撑、发射台等组成的发射系统动力学仿真模型,开展复杂海况条件下的发射动力学分析,获得了框架式热发射方式在典型海况条件下,不同因素对火箭出框过程飞行姿态、安全间隙等影响规律,可为运载火箭框架式热发射的海上动基座发射动力学安全性评估提供技术支撑,并用于框架式热发射方式的海上动基座环境适应性的综合评价。     

Cf / ZrB2 -SiC 复合材料的制备及抗热冲击性能

采用前驱体转化法制备Cf / ZrB2 -SiC 复合材料,对材料的热物理和热震性能进行了研究。采用 扫描电镜和X 射线衍射分析材料的微观结构及物相变化。结果表明:复合材料在1 700℃热震循环10 次材料 保持完整,表现出了良好的抗热震性能。通过微观结构分析,高温氧化后生成的多孔SiO2 氧化层能够吸收热 应力,缓解因热震带来的巨大温度差,ZrB2 组元的加入有效地提高了材料抗热震性。     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

Yield anisotropy and tension/compression asymmetry of a Ni3Al based intermetallic alloy

In order to investigate the yielding behavior of the newly developed Ni 3 Al-based intermetallic alloy IC10, yield stresses have been measured in tension and compression with different orientations. The specimens were cut from a sheet with different angles inclined from the solidification direction. The inclined angles were taken to be 0 , 22.5 , 45 , 67.5 and 90 . All experiments were conducted at room temperature except for orientation 0 , whose deformation temperatures ranged from 298 to 1273 K. Experimental results show that the yield strength of alloy IC10 has the anomalous behavior which has been observed for other Ll 2 -long-range ordered intermetallic alloys, but it is less pronounced. The abnormalities show the following characteristics: (i) the yield strength increases as the temperature is raised below the peak temperature, (ii) yield strength anisotropy, (iii) tension/compression asymmetry. Compared to Ni 3 Al single crystals, the polycrystalline exhibits some different yielding behaviors which may be due to the high volume fraction of c phase.     

超燃冲压发动机支板热性能研究

针对双模态超燃燃烧室内分别处于上游(高速、较低总温)和下游(较低速、高总温)不同热环境下十字交叉布置的支板,通过数值仿真,从材料选择、辐射影响程度及主被动热防护措施三方面研究了支板换热问题,并且研究了不同冷却水流速对支板前缘冷却性能的影响。结果表明:上游支板受气动加热影响比下游支板显著;对于所计算工况,考虑支板与气体之间的辐射作用后,上下游支板前缘温度均下降约150K;对下游支板进行主动冷却效果明显,冷却水流速为10m/s能满足长时间工作要求。     

某型航空发动机压气机二级转子叶片掉块故障分析

某型航空发动机压气机转子铝叶片多次发生掉块故障,且多发生于一、四、五、六级叶片靠近排气边处。本文针对一起发动机外场使用后压气机二级转子叶片排气边掉块故障进行原因分析,制定了相关预防措施,为同类故障的排查和预防提供参考。     

Protective effects of melatonin against C beam irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA injury in the mouse brain

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced brain damages in mice induced by heavy ion beams. Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and three different doses of melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated groups. Apart from the normal control group, the other four groups were exposed to whole-body 4.0 Gy carbon ion beam irradiation (approximately 0.5 Gy/min) after i.p. administration of normal saline or melatonin 1 h before irradiation. The oxidative redox status of brain tissue was assessed by measurement of malondiadehyde (MDA) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) activities at 8 h after irradiation. DNA damages were determined using the Comet assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometric analyses. A dramatic dose-dependent decrease in MDA levels, tail moment, rates of tailing cells, and apoptosis, and a dose-dependent increase in T-SOD and SOD2 activities, in brain tissues in the melatonin-treated groups were detected compared with the irradiation only group. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the percentage of brain cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly, while those in the S and G2/M stage increased dramatically, with mice pretreated with melatonin compared to the irradiation control group. These data indicate that melatonin has protective effects against irradiation-induced brain injury, and that its underlying protective mechanisms may relate to modulation of oxidative stress induced by heavy ionirradiation.     

Extrasolar space exploration by a solar sail accelerated via thermal desorption of coating

For extrasolar space exploration it might be very convenient to take advantage of space environmental effects such as solar radiation heating to accelerate a solar sail coated by materials that undergo thermal desorption at a particular temperature. Thermal desorption can provide additional thrust as heating liberates atoms, embedded on the surface of the solar sail. We are considering orbital dynamics of a solar sail coated with materials that undergo thermal desorption at a specific temperature, as a result of heating by solar radiation at a particular heliocentric distance, and focus on two scenarios that only differ in the way the sail approaches the Sun. For each scenario once the perihelion is reached, the sail coat undergoes thermal desorption. When the desorption process ends, the sail then escapes the Solar System having the conventional acceleration due to solar radiation pressure. We study the dependence of a cruise speed of a solar sail on perihelion of the orbit where the solar sail is deployed. The following scenarios are considered and analyzed: (1) Hohmann transfer plus thermal desorption. In this scenario the sail would be carried as a payload to the perihelion with a conventional propulsion system by a Hohmann transfer from Earth’s orbit to an orbit very close to the Sun and then be deployed. Our calculations show that the cruise speed of the solar sail varies from 173?km/s to 325?km/s that corresponds to perihelion 0.3?AU and 0.1 AU, respectively. (2) Elliptical transfer plus Slingshot plus thermal desorption. In this scenario the transfer occurs from Earth’s orbit to Jupiter’s orbit; then a Jupiter’s fly-by leads to the orbit close to the Sun, where the sail is deployed and thermal desorption comes active. In this case the cruise speed of the solar sail varies from 187?km/s to 331?km/s depending on the perihelion of the orbit. Our study analyses and compares the different scenarios in which thermal desorption comes beside traditional propulsion systems for extrasolar space exploration.     

基于网格自适应的飞行器防热材料热传导系数辨识

为准确辨识高超声速飞行器防热材料热传导系数，构造了针对热传导偏微分方程系统的约束泛函极值问题，基于表征多项式逼近性能的Weierstrass定理，采用Lagrange多项式对热传导系数进行参数化建模，进而将无穷维的约束泛函极值问题转化为有限维的非线性规划问题，再利用基于动态优化方程的优化方法将此非线性规划问题转化为常微分方程初值问题进行求解。为从较有限的测量数据中准确地“学习”热传导系数，建立采用“过拟合”判别准则的网格自适应迭代算法改善辨识精度。研究表明本文采用的辨识策略与优化方法有效，辨识结果可以较准确地反映材料热传导系数的变化规律。