发动机气瓶热防护产品绝热性能评定研究

通过批抽检热真空试验,能够评定发动机气瓶热防护产品的绝热性能,由于试验设备和试验工艺过程对产品温升会产生巨大影响,依据绝热材料导热系数测试方法,在试验方法不变的条件下,提出新的试验评定要求:稳态过程中产品温升速率。新的产品测试评定要求,能够客观准确的评定产品的隔热性能,排除设备和工艺过程对评定结果的影响。此评定方法也可用于形状不规则、厚度不一致的整件产品绝热性能评定。     

一种简单有效的层合板壳单元

本文通过修正普通四边形单元的横向剪切应变能而得到了一种新的四边形四节点壳单元(本文称之为L_3单元)。该单元每个节点有五个自由度,适用于各向同性、正交异性和层合板壳的线性、非线性及稳定性有限元分析。文中给出了各种类型板壳结构的算例。数值结果表明,该单元不仅公式简单、自由度少,而且具有令人满意的精度和收敛特性。     

Tear Resistance of Orthogonal Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU Film

This work seeks to investigate the notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of orthogonal Kevlar-plain woven fabric (PWF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) film applied to high altitude balloon. Four types of specimens are implemented to measure notched strength and fracture toughness by conducting static tension and tear tests on an MTS system respectively. The damage and failure mechanisms are discussed and the results for notched strength and tear resistance are evaluated and compared with each other. From the experiments, it is found that the notch sensitivity of the film increases with the increase in the size of the hole, but the notch sensitivity and the stress concentration of the notch are insignificant and there is a decrease of only about 4%-10% in tensile strength for the notched specimens with different hole sizes in diameter compared with the unnotched specimen. In contrast, the tear resistance containing a central slit with only 1 mm length is about half of tensile strength of the unnotched film, which implies that the tear resistance exists an significant notch sensitivity. The results of this study provide an insight into notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of the Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU film and constitute a fundamental basis for the design of high altitude balloon.     

深化失效学的哲学理念探索,强化材料失效交叉技术研究

力图从哲学的高度,对失效学的认识论、矛盾论、系统论和方法论进行简要的阐释,从中提出一些要点,并对失效学哲学理念在失效事故分析诊断预防技术中的应用提出建议,为深化失效学的哲学理念探讨奠定初步基础。从失效学的理论基础、应用基础和工程技术等3个方面总结提出了失效学的理论和技术体系,为失效学的体系建设提供了技术框架;还从材料服役前、使用中和失效后等3个阶段归纳了材料失效交叉技术领域中的科学问题或关键技术,为加强其交叉技术的研究提炼出了若干重点方向。     

含炔基有机硅杂化聚合物的合成及热稳定性

采用双乙炔基封端的硅氮烷单体(双(4-乙炔基苯胺基) 二苯基硅烷,M1) 与含不同二甲基硅基
结构单元[—Si( CH3 )2—,—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—和—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—] 的
双溴苯基封端单体进行Sonogashira 交叉偶联反应,制备出一系列含炔基有机硅杂化聚合物。通过红外( FTIR)
、核磁氢谱(1H-NMR) 和凝胶渗透色谱( GPC) 对聚合物的结构和分子量进行了表征,并采用热重分析
(TGA)对聚合物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,二甲基硅基结构的引入显著提高聚合物的溶解性,各组聚
合物均展现出良好的热稳定性能,其中引入—Si(CH3)2—结构的聚合物具有相对最好的热稳定性。     

射线透照等效系数测试方法分析

为获得不同透照电压下不同标准材料的射线透照等效系数,以50 kV 透照电压为例,以钛为标准 材料,揭示了同时透照法和图像法两种等效系数的测试方法。通过对同时透照法步骤及存在问题的分析,引入 了解决问题的阶梯扩展和厚度校正两种手段。在等效系数图像法的分析过程中,明确了曝光曲线种类和黑度 选取的原则,阐述了曝光曲线与图像法的关系,结合数学手段运用,获得了等效系数与透照电压相关,但不随曝 光量改变而变化的结论。     

耐高温异氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂固化历程与性能

以异氰酸酯为固化剂固化环氧树脂,通过比较不同固化条件下固化物结构的差异,研究了异氰酸酯与环氧树脂的反应历程;改变异氰酸酯/环氧树脂体系的化学计量比(I/E),采用FTIR/ATR、DSC、DMTA等研究了固化产物的结构与性能。结果表明,异氰酸酯与环氧树脂的固化历程随着温度的升高可分为三个阶段,第一阶段为异氰酸酯的三聚反应;第二阶段是一个复杂的过程,首先环氧树脂和异氰酸酯可反应生成嗯唑烷酮结构,通过嗯唑烷酮环扩链得到端畀氰酸酯基低聚物,可继续发生三聚反应;第三阶段为异氰脲酸酯与残余的环氧基团反应生成嗯唑烷酮结构,异氰脲酸酯六元环向噁唑烷酮五元环的转化是一个可逆的过程。不同的I/E比例可得到结构不同的固化物,不同的结构导致固化物性能的差异:当(I/E)=1.8时,综合力学性能良好,异氰酸酯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、层剪强度分别为652.53、33270.63和31.66MPa,优于甲基四氢苯酐/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能;当I/E=2.0时,固化物T_g达到了305℃,明显优于传统的环氧树脂固化体系。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

WC/C复合涂层海水环境的耐蚀性与摩擦性能

采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在304L不锈钢和单晶硅基底上沉积WC/C多层复合涂层,利用扫描电镜、Raman光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等研究WC/C复合涂层的微观结构,采用纳米压痕仪、划痕测试系统测试涂层的力学性能,利用电化学测试系统和摩擦磨损试验机分别研究涂层在人工配置的海水环境的耐蚀性能和摩擦性能。结果表明:WC/C复合涂层内含有较多类石墨sp2键结构,存在WC1-x相并镶嵌在非晶碳基质中。较之于304L不锈钢基底,WC/C复合涂层在海水环境中表现出更好的耐蚀性与更优异的摩擦适应性。     

陶瓷隔热瓦的缺陷修补

分别采用了MgO、YSZ和Al₂O₃三种陶瓷粉体和一种含隔热瓦本体成分的粉料对陶瓷隔热瓦缺陷进行修补。研究了修补前后材料的微观形貌、力学及隔热性能。结果表明：采用含隔热瓦本体组成的粉料对陶瓷隔热瓦进行修补,修补部位与本体部位相容性好,且微观形貌相似,仍保持纤维搭接的多孔空间网络结构;修补后试样密度0.24 g/cm³、室温热导率0.044 W/（m·K）、压缩强度0.58 MPa;1 200℃、30 min热处理后,修补部位与本体部位结合性好,未出现裂纹、凹陷等缺陷,是有效的缺陷修补方法。