A comprehensive numerical model examining the thermal performance of airships

A novel computational model for analyzing the airship’s transient thermal performance under different environmental conditions was developed. Radiative heat transfer and natural convection inside the airship were modeled using the control volume method. The Semi-Implicit Method aiming at the Pressure-Linked Equations algorithm was adopted to solve the control equations. Such approach was able to take into account the solar irradiative heat flux, the infrared radiation at different locations, and the convection both inside and outside the airship. The simulation results, showing the detailed distributions of temperature and velocity on the envelope and inside the airship, were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The influences of solar position and material radiative properties on temperature distribution, as well as natural convective flow inside airship, were further simulated and discussed.     

RBCC发动机火箭出口结构热防护研究

基于目前RBCC组合发动机开展了火箭出口位置结构热防护的研究,该发动机结构形式为火箭从冲压发动机燃烧室侧壁嵌入,火箭出口紧贴冲压发动机燃烧室壁面。火箭出口超高温、高热流、冲刷大的特点,导致该位置热环境非常严酷,为了探索火箭出口位置热防护结构,开展了三种结构热防护方案的试验研究。研究结果表明,石英/酚醛内壳和高温合金外壳复合结构热防护方案能够满足30s量级的地面试验,能够满足火箭出口恶劣环境的热防护要求。研究结果还表明,热防护材料至关重要,高温合金材料不适合应用于火箭出口热防护;高硅氧/酚醛材料虽然基本能满足试验的热防护需求,但其抗烧蚀性能略低,尤其当材料完全炭化后产生的强度降低、收缩、分层、热导系数增加等问题,在更长时间试验中会导致热防护失效,针对这些问题,本文提出了进一步研究建议。     

高超声速飞行器控制面热防护技术跟踪研究

简要介绍了高超声速飞行器控制面的气动热环境特点,在此基础上,从热管理的角度对各种类型的热防护方案分别进行分析,论证了高超声速飞行器控制面采用热结构方案的合理性;并对高超声速飞行器控制面热结构方案的特点和进展、改进热结构的途径进行了综述和分析。     

PICA-X的制备及其炭化前后性能研究

采用不同浓度热塑性酚醛树脂溶液浸渍莫来石纤维毡,经过溶胶-凝胶反应和常压干燥后,制备出酚醛浸渍陶瓷烧蚀体(PICA-X,0.45~0.50 g/cm~3),后研究了其炭化前后微观形貌、力学、隔热及抗氧化性能。结果表明:PICA-X具有莫来石纤维增强酚醛气凝胶复合结构,其弯曲强度为26.7~34.0 MPa,热导率为36~40 m W/(m·K)。经过1 000℃炭化后,C-PICA-X的弯曲强度为13.9~14.5 MPa,热导率为41~45m W/(m·K);PICA-X炭化前后均表现出较好的抗氧化性能。     

电流辅助钛波纹管成形温度场控制及模拟

利用钛合金的自阻,可以施加电流将其快速加热到高温,进行成形。在钛合金波纹管成形过程中,需要确定4个重要的参数,即加载在钛管上的电流大小、升温时间、胀形气压、轴向压力。通过对波纹管加热过程中温度场的观测和控制,可以得到对波纹管成形最有利的温度场。通过对成形过程的模拟,可以得到比较可靠的试验参数,进而减少试验的次数;模拟中还可以发现成形过程中可能出现的新问题,为之后的试验提供参考。通过对温度场的控制和成形过程的模拟,钛合金波纹管可在几分钟内被加热到成形温度,从而提高生产率,降低对环境的污染;同时采用气胀和轴向加载的复合工艺,有效地避免壁厚的过分减薄。     

Coupled fluid-thermal investigation on non-ablative thermal protection system with spiked body and opposing jet combined configuration

In this paper, a Non-Ablative Thermal Protection System(NATPS) with the spiked body and the opposing jet combined configuration is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic heating of the hypersonic vehicle, and the coupled fluid-thermal numerical analysis is performed to study the thermal control performance of the NATPS. The results show that the spiked body pushes the bow shock away from the protected structure and thus reduces the shock intensity and the wall heat flux. In addition, the low temperature gas of the opposing jet separates the high temperature gas behind the shock from the nose cone of the spiked body, ensuring the non-ablative property of the spiked body. Therefore, the NATPS reduces the aerodynamic heating by the reconfiguration of the flow field, and the thermal control efficiency of the system is better than the Thermal Protection System(TPS) with the single spiked body and the single opposing jet. The influencing factors of the NATPS are analyzed. Both increasing the length of the spiked body and reducing the total temperature of the opposing jet can improve the thermal control performance of the NATPS and the nonablative property of the spiked body. However, increasing the heat conductivity coefficient of the spiked body can enhance benefit the non-ablative property of the spiked body, but has little influence on the thermal control performance of the NATPS.     

超临界态碳氢燃料流固耦合传热及热裂解的计算方法研究

为深入研究主动再生冷却机理,采用固体热传导方程和流体控制方程,建立了超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解的数值方法。对两种实验状态下电加热管内RP-3航空煤油的耦合传热及热裂解过程进行了计算研究,其中RP-3的热裂解反应由包含1个总体反应和23个二次反应的Modified Kumar-Kunzru反应机理模拟。两种状态下计算得到的外壁温、燃料温度、RP-3裂解率以及裂解产物分布与测量值的最大误差分别小于10%和15%。计算与实验结果吻合较好,表明建立的数值方法是准确的,可以作为研究超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解特性的有效计算分析工具。     

温度外推预报技术在热平衡试验中的应用研究

在航天器的稳态热平衡试验中 ,应用温度外推预报技术可以准确的给出航天器热平衡极限温度 ,缩短热平衡试验时间 ,从而降低航天器研制成本。文章对非线性最小二乘估计和广义卡尔曼滤波 (EKF)两种温度外推预报方法在航天器热平衡试验中的应用做了相关的研究。     

天基激光测距载荷单反射镜组件柔性设计与力热稳定性分析

针对激光通信与测距一体化星间链路载荷轻小型单反射镜组件进行结构设计与力热稳定性研究,开展单反镜柔性支撑机构优化设计,根据运载力学环境与在轨力热环境工况,对反射镜组件进行光机集成分析,验证光机结构的在轨力热稳定性.分析结果表明,双层圆弧形槽口柔性支撑结构在温度拉偏后反射镜的面型精度均方根（RMS）可达λ/72,基频模态为417.93Hz,满足指标要求.进一步对反射镜组件进行动力学分析,随机振动分析结果表明,反射镜加速度响应均方根为11a_rms,满足3σ准则.通过0.2g正弦扫频试验验证了有限元模态分析相对误差为2.23%,实验结果表明,反射镜组件柔性支撑设计合理,力热稳定性分析结果基本准确可靠,满足工况要求.     

Water, Life, and Planetary Geodynamical Evolution

In our search for life on other planets over the past decades, we have come to understand that the solid terrestrial planets provide much more than merely a substrate on which life may develop. Large-scale exchange of heat and volatile species between planetary interiors and hydrospheres/atmospheres, as well as the presence of a magnetic field, are important factors contributing to the habitability of a planet. This chapter reviews these processes, their mutual interactions, and the role life plays in regulating or modulating them.