MoSi2-YSZ高发射涂层对硅橡胶基防热材料的隔热及抗热振性能影响

制备了MoSi₂-YSZ复合硅橡胶基辐射型热防护涂层,并对其耐烧蚀性能和抗热振性能进行了表征。结果表明：与传统烧蚀型涂层相比,辐射型涂层在0.3～2.5μm波段发射率达到0.93以上,且静态热流测试背板温升降低60%,热振测试背板温升降低30%。辐射型涂层在热振测试中由于辐射散热机制表现出对温度响应的迟滞性,使得背板温度变化率的峰值降低40%。MoSi₂氧化形成的致密氧化层具有良好的保护性和自愈合性,从而提高了涂层的耐烧蚀和抗热振性能。     

高超声速飞行器防热瓦结构的变厚度轻量化设计方法

针对非均匀气动加热条件下三维复杂防热瓦结构的轻量化需求,基于变厚度设计理念,发展了一种基于网格变形技术（ASD）和热固耦合分析相结合的防热瓦结构优化方法。优化结果表明,基于网格变形技术能够快速有效地解决优化过程中的网格自动更新问题,避免了网格重新划分的耗费及复杂结构网格重构的困难,并得到了光滑柔顺的厚度形状曲线;相比等厚设计,变厚度设计可以有效考虑载荷的非均匀效应,并极大地减轻结构重量;优化后可以更充分发挥防热瓦结构各层材料的承载能力。     

航天飞行器典型高温透波结构热匹配性能分析

针对一种航天飞行器典型天线窗类高温透波结构及其安装形式,通过Abaqus有限元仿真分析方法对其热匹配特性进行了研究。研究表明:天线窗结构热匹配产生的热应力主要与金属壳体受热膨胀有关,石英纤维增强二氧化硅天线窗具有更优越的热匹配性能,天线窗直径越小,厚度尺寸越大,热应力越小,热匹配性能越好。该项研究为典型天线窗类高温透波结构在航天飞行器上的应用提供了参考。     

铝镁贫氧推进剂的热分解特性

采用ＤＳＣ、ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ和ＤＴＧ等热分析方法,研究了ＡＰ,ＫＰ,ＡＰ／ＫＰ混合氧化剂、ＡＰ／ＫＰ／ＨＴＰＢ模拟推进剂以及铝镁贫氧推进剂的热分解特性。研究发现,ＡＰ／ＫＰ混合氧化剂的热分解特性由两种氧化剂的热分解特性叠加而成,但ＡＰ的存在使ＫＰ热分解反应提前;贫氧推进剂的热分解过程由ＡＰ和ＫＰ的热分解、粘合剂的热分解等过程组成。     

模具材料线胀系数对复合材料固化变形的影响研究

为了研究模具材料线胀系数对复合材料固化变形的影响,面向复合材料零件热压罐固化成形工艺过程,针对复合材料成形模具材料与复合材料零件线胀系数不一致导致复合材料零件热固化变形的问题,研究了模具与复合材料零件相互作用关系,推导了模具对复合材料固化变形的理论模型,利用ABAQUS等仿真软件建立了模具温度场的数值模拟模型,并将模具热变形的模拟数据与复合材料零件变形的试验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同材料模具型面各位置变形值与型面结构特征无关,与型面大小有关;模具材料与复合材料的线胀系数差异越大,复合材料零件变形量越大。     

基于石墨板的电子设备大功率器件散热方法研究

针对宇航电子设备大功率器件的散热路径进行了分析.对顶部散热的器件采用高导热石墨板、精确控制导热垫压缩量、增加导热路径等方式进行散热,对腹部散热的器件采用覆铜通孔等方式进行散热,并结合热仿真和温循试验,有效解决了大功率器件散热问题.     

高超声速飞行器的动态热密封技术研究进展

高马赫数飞行带来的气动热一直是制约飞行器向更大速域和空域发展的最大因素,特别是针对飞行器发动机尾喷管和机体之间、飞行器尾翼控制舵等有较大动态间隙部位,对其进行动态热密封的技术难度也远高于一般的机身表面防热;因此,动态热密封技术成为各国在新型高超声速空天飞行器发展中需要突破的重要瓶颈。本文以X-38等飞行器为例,对国外动态热密封技术进行了简要介绍,并对其主要技术类型和关键性能测试方法进行综述,最后对动态热密封技术的发展进行了总结和展望。     

A torus-shaped solar sail accelerated via thermal desorption of coating

A torus-shaped sail consists of a reflective membrane attached to an inflatable torus-shaped rim. The sail’s deployment from its stowed configuration is initiated by introducing inflation pressure into the toroidal rim with an attached circular flat membrane coated by heat-sensitive materials that undergo thermal desorption (TD) from a solid to a gas phase. Our study of the deployment and acceleration of the sail is split into three steps: at a particular heliocentric distance a torus-shaped sail is deployed by a gas inflated into the toroidal rim and the membrane is kept flat by the pressure of the gas; under heating by solar radiation, the membrane coat undergoes TD and the sail is accelerated via TD of coating and solar radiation pressure (SRP); when TD ends, the sail utilizes thrust only from SRP. We study the stability of the torus-shaped sail and deflection and vibration of the flat membrane due to the acceleration by TD and SRP.     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

SiO2 气凝胶热参数测试及评价

利用非稳态阶跃平面热源法对SiO2气凝胶的热参数进行了高温实验研究,获得了不同温度和压力条件下SiO2气凝胶的热导率、热扩散率以及比热容等.结果表明,SiO2气凝胶800℃的热导率比室温增大约62％.在相同气压且低于600℃时,其热导率受比热容影响,而在高于600℃时,则受热扩散率影响;在相同温度且高于10 kPa时,热导率亦受热扩散率影响.