载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计

载人航天器一般采用主动热控制技术为主的热控制系统,废热的排散主要通过泵驱动单相流体回路。分析了主动热控制系统的主要设计任务,如系统方案、工质的选择、回路部件的选型、系统参数的确定、控制算法等;提出了主动热控制系统方案及参数选择应满足适应性要求、安全性要求、可靠性要求以及经济性要求,指出主动热控制系统的设计是一个以系统总体质量最小为目标的约束优化问题,并讨论了优化设计的思路与实现流程。最后基于一个具体的设计案例对设计方法进行了验证。     

某弹载计算机主机板的热分析研究

介绍了热分析的基本理论和方法,应用Flotherm散热分析软件对某弹载计算机主机板进行热仿真分析,得出现有条件下主机板的温度分布。通过分析,验证了结构的合理性,并对以后的热控方案提供了一定的参考。     

高超声速飞行器鼻锥迎风凹腔结构防热效能研究

对高超声速飞行器鼻锥使用迎风凹腔结构作为热防护系统时,凹腔结构的防热效能进行了数值研究。通过与相关实验对比,验证了本文数值方法的可靠性,获得了鼻锥的流场参数,外表面、凹腔内壁面的热流分布,分析了不同的凹腔尺寸参数选择对鼻锥冷却效果的影响。结果表明迎风凹腔结构能够有效的对高超声速飞行器的鼻锥尤其是驻点区域进行冷却,凹腔越深,其冷却效果越好。鼻锥气动加热的最大热流并不在尖锐唇缘的顶点,而是位于凹腔内的侧壁面上,凹腔的深度(L)变化对最大热流的出现位置影响很小。除非凹腔很浅(L/D<0.5),凹腔底面的热流值都非常小,基本可以忽略。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

Thermal–structure coupling analysis and multi-objective optimization of motor rotor in MSPMSM

With the high speed, the rotor of magnetically suspended permanent magnet synchronous motor(MSPMSM) suffers great thermal stress and mechanical stress resulting from the temperature rise problem caused by rotor losses, which leads to instability and inefficiency.In this paper, the mechanical–temperature field coupling analysis is conducted to analyze the relationship between the temperature field and structure, and multi-objective optimization of a rotor is performed to improve the design reliability and efficiency. Firstly, the temperature field is calculated by the 2 D finite element model of MSPMSM and the method of applying the 2 D temperature result to the 3 D finite element model of the motor rotor equivalently is proposed. Then the thermal–structure coupling analysis is processed through mathematic method and finite element method(FEM),in which the 3 D finite element model is established precisely in a way and approaches the practical operation state further. Moreover, the impact produced by the temperature and structure on the mechanical strength is analyzed in detail. Finally, the optimization mathematical model of the motor rotor is established with Sequential Quadratic Programming-NLPQL selected in the optimization scheme. Through optimization, the strength of the components in the motor rotor increases obviously and satisfies the design requirement, which to a great extend enhances the service life of the MSPMSM rotor.     

常压热试验技术在整星级航天器研制中的应用研究

针对航天器常压热试验技术在中国返回式卫星研制过程中的应用进行了研究,论述了常压热试验隔间的设计、常压热试验技术的原理和方法,然后就试验结果以及试验过程中涉及到的几个重要问题进行了分析讨论。通过分析可得,常压热试验达到了对卫星进行可靠性考核的试验目的,对航天器研制的流程再造具有重要意义。     

热电致冷器和毛细泵驱动的小型热公用回路

适合卫星应用的小型热公用回路,可以实现发热设备在星内立体布局,摆脱对散热面的依赖,使卫星的集成度提高,满足大型有效载荷按功能集成后的散热需要。用毛细泵代替机械泵,可以实现无运动部件的高可靠、长寿命、适合卫星应用的小型两相热公用回路。该回路需要对毛细泵主动加热促使工质流动,需要消耗一定的功率。如何降低毛细泵的功耗,是毛细泵驱动的热公用回路实用化的关键。理论和实验证明,热电致冷器在小温差下有较高的热泵系数,用热电致冷器加热毛细泵比直接电加热更经济。     

空间多层打孔隔热材料热分析数值方法研究

分析了空间多层打孔隔热材料中导热和辐射换热的复合传热问题,建立了关于反射屏的能量方程。结合有限差分法,提出了空间多层打孔隔热材料反射屏瞬态温度计算的模型以及内部辐射数值分析模型,空间环境作为整个模拟中的一个屏,使模型的边界条件方便处理。将该模型的预测结果与文献中相似工况下的预测值和实验值进行比较,说明了该模型在工程中应用的可行性。另一算例的计算结果说明了空间多层打孔隔热材料的瞬态温度、漏热热流变化特点以及反射屏温度分布特点。该模型为多层打孔隔热材料热结构性能研究以及优化设计提供了理论基础。     

地球同步轨道长寿命卫星热控涂层太阳吸收率性能退化研究

文章介绍了15年地球同步轨道环境对卫星表面太阳吸收率性能影响的试验模拟研究,研究结果为长寿命卫星热设计及热控涂层选择和研制提供可靠依据;介绍自行研制的空间低能综合环境试验设备、太阳吸收率原位测试系统和空间低能综合环境模拟试验方法,并对航天器常用的S781白漆、SR107ZK白漆、F46镀银和OSR二次表面镜热控材料进行空间低能综合环境模拟试验,获得了这些热控涂层在地球同步轨道15年期间太阳吸收率性能退化模拟数据,与已有的飞行试验数据进行对比研究,取得满意的结果。