航天器表面材料充电性能研究—关于RTV-Ⅱ和13-17涂层的评价

本文报道了RTV-Ⅱ黑漆和13-17白色涂层二种航天器温控材料的电导在综合空间环境条件下的实验结果。实验表明RTV-Ⅱ涂层材料的电导从1984年到1986年,几乎每年下降一个量级,因而充电状态明显改变。13-17涂层材料的电导对空间真空环境响应不明显,但对电子辐照和光辐照响应显著,尤其对光辐照存在强烈的记忆效应。预测该涂层在轨道上由光照区进入星蚀区也不会出现明显充电现象。     

Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30% Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying. The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of the addition of Al2O3 on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester, electronic tensile machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser, and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al2O3. The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct, and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined. Compared with the pure Al coating, the microhardness of the Al-Al2O3 composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV0.2, and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa. The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness, good bonding strength, and good corrosion resistance, which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.     

LaNbO4-MoSi2复合陶瓷的制备及力学性能

采用高温固相反应法合成了LaNbO4粉末,并通过热压法制备了LaNbO4-MoS i2复合陶瓷材料。通过扫描电镜、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪进行试样显微组织结构和断裂特征分析,测试了其显微硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性等力学性能。实验结果表明:合成的LaNbO4粉末有少量未反应的La2O3剩余,固相反应前原料粉的高能球磨使得反应后LaNbO4结构由单斜相变成以四方相为主。LaNbO4-MoS i2复合试样与单相MoS i2相比,其晶粒明显细化,致密性提高,强度、硬度和断裂韧性均有较大提高。采用具有畴切换增韧特性的LaNbO4颗粒作为一种新的增强剂对MoS i2基陶瓷进行复合改性具有一定的研究价值。     

竖直上升通道内微气泡湍流流动的数值模拟

为了提高气泡浓度分布预测精度,考虑流体和气泡之间的双向耦合作用,对竖直上升通道内含有微小气泡的湍流流动进行了数值模拟研究。采用直接数值模拟方法模拟流体流动,并用拉格朗日法跟踪气泡受流体和重力作用所产生的运动轨迹。气泡受力包括相间阻力、虚质量力、升力、壁面升力、压力梯度和重力等。数值模拟结果表明,通过加入壁面升力和采用双向耦合方法,可以较准确地预测气泡浓度分布和揭示气泡流动对流体湍流结构的影响。     

并联风洞天平应用研究

研究了一种新型的并联风洞天平,首先依据并联天平的空间力变换关系推导出六维感测力雅可比矩阵,然后以该雅可比矩阵条件数最小原则即各向同性准则,将其条件数为目标函数对天平进行结构优化设计,应用数值算法优化出8种满足精度要求的并联天平结构,据此设计并制造出并联天平的物理样机。最后在南京航空航天大学低速风洞中以建筑标模为试验模型检验并联天平的设计性能,结果证明本天平的研制是成功的。     

剪切流场中液滴形变的三维力学模型初探

分析了油水乳化液中分散相液滴的受力及形变,从理论上提出了剪切流场中液滴形变的三维力学模型.通过实验观测了液滴在由两个同心圆筒形成的旋转剪切流场中的变形情况,并对建立的三维力学模型进行了验证.测量结果表明:实验观测值和理论值有较好的一致性.未加乳化剂时,在z方向上,随着液滴拉伸率的增加,液滴的变形收缩系数也随之增加;与未加乳化剂时相比,加入乳化剂时液滴的变形收缩系数偏离理论值更大;对于有表面活性剂的自由液滴来说,液滴破裂所需要的临界剪切率比没有表面活性剂时要低.     

基于双向流固耦合方法的柔性变结构喷管性能分析

为研究柔性变结构喷管的高度补偿潜力,利用ANSYS平台,基于双向流固耦合方法,对柔性变结构锥型喷管进行数值模拟,分析了飞行高度和柔性材料的弹性模量对喷管性能的影响.模拟结果表明,随着飞行高度的升高,柔性喷管变形加剧,喷管内部流场呈现出膨胀波-激波-膨胀波的波系特征,喷管柔性段壁面的最大变形量和最大应力逐渐增大.当材料弹...     

基于能量使用效能的军用飞机机电系统评估研究

针对军用飞机机电系统论证和设计中,缺少评估系统代价和设计冗余的方法和指标,通过开展飞机机电系统的能量使用效能分析,提出一种通过量化加权燃油代偿损失、电能利用率、液压能利用率、燃油热沉利用率等基本指标计算的效能综合指标;在此基础上,提出了军用飞机机电系统能量模型架构构建方法,并研究明确了军用飞机机电系统的能量使用效能评估流程。上述效能综合指标和评估流程,能够为后续军用飞机型号机电系统的论证和原理方案评估提供有力的量化方法支撑。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation on novel 2D maglev servo proportional valve

This paper presents a novel two-dimensional maglev servo proportional cartridge valve (2D maglev valve), where a contactless maglev coupling is introduced between electro-mechanical converter and valve body to realize functions of force transmission, spool position feedback and linear-rotary motion conversion. Such configuration can effectively reduce cost of both valve manufacturing and electro-mechanical converter, while still maintain features of 2D valve such as null pilot leakage, high power-to- weight ratio and excellent anti-pollution capacity. Firstly, the characteristic equation of the valve is derived using linear theory, and the stability criterion is established for parameter determination. The influences of crucial structural parameters such as initial height of overlapping area, width of high-pressure and low-pressure holes, acting radius of magnetic force, pitch angle of maglev coupling, length of sensitive chamber and system pressure on the dynamic response are investigated based on AMESim numerical simulation. The prototype valve is then designed and manufactured and a special test rig is built. The no-load flow characteristic, load flow characteristic, leakage characteristic, amplitude and phase frequency characteristics and step response under different system pressures are measured. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the simulated analysis. As an over-damped system, the prototype valve has excellent working stability, which can reach a no-load flow rate of 105.9 L/min with hysteresis of 3.51%, amplitude bandwidth of 28.7 Hz and phase bandwidth of 42.8 Hz under 21 MPa. The research indicates that the 2D maglev valve can be a potential solution of flow rate control valve for flight control surface system of civil aircraft with high pressure and large flow rate application.     

虚拟匹配单元对力觉交互系统性能影响分析

讨论虚拟现实力觉交互系统中,阻抗再现方式下虚拟匹配单元对系统稳定性和透明性的影响.对不同的虚拟环境,根据弹簧单元和阻尼单元的不同物理性质,将其与虚拟环境串联或并联,作为连接操作端与虚拟端的双端口系统;对于单自由度力觉交互系统,当虚拟环境驱动点为弹簧元素时,以串联弹簧单元和串联阻尼单元为例,通过对附加虚拟匹配单元后的系统性能评价,及与原系统的比较,分析了虚拟匹配单元对系统性能尤其是稳定性的影响,仿真和分析结果吻合较好.在力觉交互控制系统设计中,可根据需要选择不同的虚拟匹配单元以提高系统的稳定性.