飞行器气动加热环境与结构响应耦合的热结构试验方法

阐述了将结构热试验和气动加热计算相结合,实现气动热分析与热试验相耦合的试验控制方法。为飞行器的气动加热和结构热响应耦合分析提供了一个解决思路,同时为结构热试验热载荷条件的制定提出了新的方法,对应用复杂防热结构的飞行器的气动热分析和结构热试验具有重要的意义。     

基于传热与压力损失的气-水换热器耦合设计

针对换热器设计中如何合理兼顾传热效率和压力损失的难题,以矩形流通截面的燃气-水列管式换热器为对象,从理论上分析了设计参数之间的内在联系,揭示了换热面积与燃气流通面积、横向管间距、换热管直径之间的匹配关系,建立了基于压力损失和传热计算的耦合设计方法。这种方法已成功应用于某大型燃气冷却器的设计,也可供其它换热器设计时参考。     

一种新型微型杆式超声电机及其驱动原理

提出了一种新型微型杆式超声电机,并对该杆式电机的驱动机理进行了仿真。该电机采用两段金属柱体压紧5片压电陶瓷片作为定子。该定子结构和压电陶瓷片的布局方式可以提高其机电转换效率。为尽量减小定、转子之间的径向滑移以提高摩擦传动效率,电机采用了柔性转子,对原理样机及其微型驱动器进行了性能实验。电机的外径为9mm,长度为15mm,重3.2g。当电机工作在杆式定子的一阶弯曲频率(72kHz)附近时,电机实测最大转速为520r/min,最大输出力矩为4.5mN·m。实验结果表明,该电机具有良好的稳定性,利用频率自动跟踪技术对电机转速进行闭环控制,可以将其转速波动稳定在3%之内。     

可展开式辐射器热控对航天器轨道调整的适应性分析

为提高航天器热控系统对轨道调整的适应能力,本文研究了与流体回路耦合的可展开式辐射器热控方案在不同轨道高度下的热控性能,分析了不同轨道高度时辐射器面临的热环境的影响,在不同轨道高度下比较了固定辐射器与可展开辐射器的热控特性.结果 表明,随着辐射器展开角度的变化,辐射器吸收的空间热流随之发生变化,从而对热控系统的散热能力带...     

直流电弧等离子体炬数值模拟与诊断

直流电弧等离子体炬内部物理过程复杂且具动态性,较难对其进行准确描述与深入研究,且其工作温度较高,其状态参数难以使用常规方式测量。针对直流电弧等离子体炬,建立流动、传热和电磁相互耦合的数值模型,基于Fluent软件对直流电弧等离子体炬进行三维数值模拟和特性分析,设计并搭建了一套热焓探针实验系统,完成对直流电弧等离子体炬射流参数的测量分析。结果表明:建立的数值模型模拟结果与实验测量结果吻合较好,误差在10%以内;炬内温度与速度最大值与工作气流量呈正相关,均出现在靠近阴极区域,且沿轴线逐渐降低;等离子体炬内高温区与高电流密度区重合。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

高速加工HSK工具系统的力学模型

根据HSK工具系统的结构和工作机理建立了HSK工具系统的力学模型,分析了影响工具系统刚度的主要因素和载荷与加工质量之间的关系,揭示出HSK工具系统刚度变化的基本规律,理论分析结果与实验结果吻合.在此基础上,提出评估工具系统的性能不仅要考虑工具系统的静刚度,而且要进一步考虑工具系统的动刚度.最后,给出了HSK工具系统型号的选择原则,并建立了相应的优化操作条件.     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

供油瞬态喷油杆内燃油结焦机理及规律数值研究

为获得喷油杆通断循环供油工作模式下,供油瞬间燃油结焦速率陡增机理,本文建立起沿喷杆轴向的一维非稳态热-流-固耦合换热与燃油结焦计算模型.获得不同时刻壁温、油温与结焦速率等参数轴向分布.通过与连续供油模式下的结果对比,来分析供油瞬间灼热喷杆内壁对燃油热冲击的影响,以获得结焦速率陡增机理.结果表明:通断供油模式下,供油瞬间...     

温度对磁屏蔽霍尔推力器磁场构型的影响研究

霍尔推力器磁路设计主要通过常温静态磁场仿真得到，并实测推力器非工作状态常温磁场进行复核。大功率霍尔推力器将面临更为严峻的热问题，推力器工作时磁路系统受高温影响，因此在常温下仿真得到的磁场位形会因温度升高而产生偏移，不能反映推力器真实工作时的磁场情况。为研究霍尔推力器工作时热量对磁路系统的影响，通过热磁耦合仿真对10kW磁屏蔽霍尔推力器的热态磁场分布进行研究，并对热态、常温仿真结果进行了对比，发现在阳极附近的径向磁感应强度Br的差异比放电室出口更大。常温设计的磁屏蔽构型在热态时偏离磁屏蔽，磁场和壁面最大不符合度达到13%，通过陶瓷出口型面修正后重新获得磁屏蔽效果，使最大不符合度降低到4.8%以下。合理热设计有助于降低热载荷，热仿真得到磁路系统最高温度低于500℃，低于0.78倍的居里温度Tc磁性急剧转变点，不会出现磁性能急剧下降，但热量对磁屏蔽霍尔推力器磁场构型的影响是应该考虑的。